Bio Quiz #3

Exocytosis

The process by which material is exported out of the cell

Endocytosis

The process by which material is taken into a cell

Specific endocytosis process

Uses receptors

Non-specific endocytosis process

Taking up water and nutrients

What does plasma membrane do?

Surrounds material from outside the cell

Plasma membrane traps outside cell material into

Endocytic vesicle

Name for digestive vesicle that fuses with endocytic vesicle

Lysosome

Lysosome

Membrane-bound vesicle with low internal pH that contains digestive enzymes

Function of lysosome

Digest material from outside or inside the cell

Primary lysosomes

Lysosomes budded off from trans face of Golgi apparatus

Secondary lysosome

Primary lysosome fuses with an endocytic vesicle or cellular organelle

Tuberculosis Bacterium

Prevents fusion of the endocytic vesicle and primary lysosome

Structure of mitochondria

Double lipid bilayer membrane

Outer membrane of mitochondria

Covers entire organelle

Inner membrane of mitochondria

Extensively infolded

Cristae

Folds of mitochondria

Matrix

“Liquid center” of mitochondria

Function of mitochondria

ATP production

Endosymbiotic Theory of mitochondria

Mitochondria only arise from pre-existing mitochondria

Structure of chloroplasts

Double lipid bilayer membrane

Cover of chloroplasts

Smooth outer and inner lipid bilayer membranes

Thylakoid

Single membrane disk

Granum

Stack of thylakoids

Stroma

Liquid substance surrounding the grana

Function of chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Light energy turns into

Chemical energy

Cytoskeleton

Network of multiple types of proteins inside of cells

Function of cytoskeletons

Structural support, transport, and movement of mobile cells

Extracellular matrix

Network of multiple types of proteins outside of cells

Function of extracellular matrix

Provides structural support, glues cells into organs, and cell to cell communication

Plasma membrane barrier is

Selective

Cells can adjust what of PM

Chemistry and associated molecules

Calculation for total surface area of red blood cells

Multiple surface are of 1 cell by total number of cells

Destroy cells and collect membrane phospholipids

Chemical separation

How did membrane phospholipids form a floating monolayer

Placed in chamber of liquid buffer

Total surface area of membrane phospholipids was compared to what

Total surface area of red blood cells

Findings of Evert Gorter’s experiment

Surface area of monolayer is double surface are of cells

Conclusion of Gorter’s experiment

Cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers

Fluid mosaic model

Plasma membranes are fluid structures

Conclusion of cell fusion experiment

Proteins are laterally diffusing around the membrane, meaning it is fluid

Photon energy absorbed by chlorophyll permits

The removal of electrons from water

Absorption Spectrum

Pattern of absorption by a substance

Concentration of pigment does what to wavelength

Nothing

Does absorbance spectra have a relationship with pigment?

Yes, when concentration of pigment is diluted, absorption decreass

Describe inverse relationship between wavelength and absorbance

As wavelength increases, absorbance of substance decreases.