UNIT 5 - DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

Why is knowledge and handling of dental instruments necessary in daily clinical practice?

To make clinical work more efficient and of better quality.

Who should prepare dental instruments before they are required by the dentist?

Auxiliary staff.

When should auxiliary staff prepare the dental instruments and why

Before they are required by the dentist So they are easily accessible according to the planned technique.

What type of trays can be used to organize dental instruments?

Pre-structured and sterilized trays.

What should a pre-structured and sterilized tray contain?

All instruments needed for each technique.

What is another method of organizing dental instruments besides trays?

Bags containing sterile and individually identified instruments.

What is a dental instrument?

An instrument necessary for the execution of various oral dental techniques.

PARTS OF ANY DENTAL INSTRUMENT

• ACTIVE PART

What is the active part of a dental instrument?

The part used to perform the function for which the instrument is designed.

PARTS OF ANY DENTAL INSTRUMENT

• ACTIVE PART

Does the shape of the active part remain the same for every dental instrument?

No. Its shape varies depending on the type of instrument.

PARTS OF ANY DENTAL INSTRUMENT

• INACTIVE PART OR HANDLE

What is the inactive part or handle of a dental instrument?

The part used for gripping the instrument.

PARTS OF ANY DENTAL INSTRUMENT

• INACTIVE PART OR HANDLE

Why does the handle usually have markings that make its surface rough?

To prevent slipping and improve grip

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

What are the two main types of dental instruments?

Handheld instruments and rotary instruments.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD

What are handheld dental instruments?

Instruments that are not connected to dental equipment and are used by the dentist by holding them with the hand.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD

What are the two types of handheld instruments?

Rigid instruments and articulated instruments.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - RIGID INSTRUMENTS

What are rigid dental instruments?

Instruments that do not have an opening-and-closing system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - RIGID INSTRUMENTS

What is an example of a rigid dental instrument?

An exploration probe.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ARTICULATED INSTRUMENTS

What are articulated dental instruments?

Instruments that have an opening-and-closing system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ARTICULATED INSTRUMENTS

What is the opening-and-closing system of an articulated instrument called?

Articulation.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ARTICULATED INSTRUMENTS

What is an example of an articulated dental instrument?

Extraction forceps.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

What are rotary dental instruments?

Instruments connected to the hoses of dental equipment that perform rotary movements at different speeds.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

What do rotary dental instruments move?

A bur placed at their end.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE

What is a dental turbine?

A high-speed rotary instrument.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE

What speed can a dental turbine reach?

Between 100,000 and 500,000 rpm.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE

What is the high speed of a turbine useful for? and give an example of it

Removing hard tissues from the tooth. like bone and enamel

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE

Why does the turbine have a slightly angled shape?

To allow easy access to the tooth.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE

What are the two main parts of a turbine?

The head and the body.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

What is located in the turbine head?

The bur

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

How is the bur held in the turbine head?

By a clamping system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

Does the turbine's bur clamping system vary?

Yes, it varies depending on the manufacturer.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

What other system is present in the turbine head besides the bur clamping system?

A water outlet system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

What is the function of the turbine's water outlet system?

To irrigate the bur and reduce heat generation caused by friction during treatment.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

Why is reducing heat generation important when using a turbine?

Heat could damage the pulp of the tooth.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE HEAD

Do almost all rotary instruments have LED lighting systems?

Yes, almost all have LED lighting systems in their heads

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE BODY

What is the turbine body used for?

Gripping the instrument.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE BODY

Why is the surface of the turbine body textured?

To facilitate grip.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE BODY

What is located at the end of the turbine body?

A device that connects it to the hose of the dental equipment.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE BODY

What does the turbine receive through its connection to the dental equipment hose?

Air and water connections and returns.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - TURBINE - TURBINE BODY

When are adapters sometimes needed for a turbine?

When the terminals of the turbine and dental equipment are different.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

What is a micromotor?

A low-speed rotary system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

What type of tooth tissues is a micromotor suitable for?

Semi-hard tooth tissues.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

What is an example of semi-hard tooth tissue suitable for micromotor use?

The dentin-pulp complex

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

How is the micromotor connected to the dental equipment?

Through the hoses of the dental equipment. (like the turbine)

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

Is the micromotor's connection system fixed or variable?

It has a variable connection system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

What two controls does the micromotor have?

Speed and direction control.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

How many different types of instruments can be attached to the micromotor and names?

A contra-angle and a straight handpiece.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE

Why is it called a contra-angle?

Because it has a characteristic angle in relation to the horizontal.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE

Why does the contra-angle have a characteristic angle?

To provide better access to the mouth.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE

What are the two parts of a contra-angle?

The head and the handle.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle head

Where is the bur placed in the contra-angle?

in the head

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle head

How is the bur held in the contra-angle head?

By a clamping system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle head

Can the contra-angle head have a lighting system?

Yes, it may have a lighting system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle handle

What is the contra-angle handle attached to?

The micromotor.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle handle

What is responsible for the movement of the contra-angle?

The micromotor.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle burs

What type of burs does the contra-angle use?

Steel or tungsten carbide burs.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle burs

How do the steel or tungsten carbide burs used with a contra-angle compare with diamond burs used with turbines?

They are less abrasive.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - contra-angle burs

How does the cutting capacity of steel or tungsten carbide contra-angle burs compare with diamond turbine burs?

They have less cutting capacity.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - reducing contra-angle

What does a reducing contra-angle do?

It decreases the rotation speed transmitted by the micromotor.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - reducing contra-angle

Where are reducing contra-angles used?

Implantology and surgical techniques.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - reducing contra-angle

Why are reducing contra-angles used in implantology and surgery?

To reduce heat generation caused by the characteristics of the technique.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ CONTRA-ANGLE - Multiplier contra-angle

What is a multiplier contra-angle capable of doing?

It can replace a turbine.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE

What is the main shape difference between the straight handpiece and the contra-angle?

The straight handpiece is straight.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE

What does the straight shape of the handpiece limit?

Its use in the mouth.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE

What is the exception to the straight handpiece's limited use in the mouth?

Surgeries involving third molars within the bone.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE

What is the straight handpiece mainly used for?

Adjusting dental prostheses.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - head

Where is the bur placed in the straight handpiece?

In the head.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - head

What does the head of the straight handpiece contain besides the bur?

An irrigation system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - body

What is the body of the straight handpiece used for?

Grip.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - body

Why does the body of the straight handpiece have a textured surface?

To facilitate grip.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - body

How is the straight handpiece connected to the dental equipment?

By a hose system.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - burs

What type of burs are used with the straight handpiece?

Long burs.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• HANDHELD - ROTARY INSTRUMENTS

• - MICROMOTOR

→ STRAIGHT HANDPIECE - burs

What are the long burs used with the straight handpiece made of?

Steel or tungsten carbide.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS

What is a bur?

A small, variable-shaped instrument placed on a rotary instrument.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS

What is a bur used for?

Removing dental tissue or materials.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the type of rotary instrument they are used with

How can burs be classified according to the rotary instrument they are used with?

Burs for contra-angles, handpieces, and turbines.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the type of rotary instrument they are used with

How is a contra-angle bur identified?

It has a notch.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the type of rotary instrument they are used with

How is a handpiece bur identified?

It has no notch.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the type of rotary instrument they are used with

How is a turbine bur identified?

It has no notch.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the composition of their active part

How can burs be classified according to the composition of their active part?

Diamond powder burs and steel or tungsten carbide burs

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the composition of their active part

what are diamond burs used for

bone and enamel

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the composition of their active part

what are steel and tungsten carbide burs used for

dentin

soft tissue

polishing

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the shape of their active part

Why are there different shapes of bur active parts?

They depend on the technique being performed.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on the shape of their active part

what are the 3 bur shapes

• round burs

• pear-shape burs

• chamfer burs

• (inverted cone burs - not on notes but she mentioned it)

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on their length

What are the two categories of burs based on length?

Short burs and long burs.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on their length

Where are short burs used?

In turbines and contra-angles.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS

• CLASSIFICATION OF BURS - Based on their length

Where are long burs used?

In handpieces.