HASS topic test Y10T4

Human wellbeing

the ability of human beings to access the things they need in order to live happy and healthy lives

describe moazambique location

• Mozambique is located in southeastern Africa on the east coast of the continent.

• It borders the Indian Ocean to the east, giving it a long coastline.

2 factors influencing human wellbeing

Education

Education improves human wellbeing by giving people the ability to read and write, which opens up opportunities for better jobs, higher incomes, and an improved standard of living. It also increases self-esteem and helps people gain greater control over their future.

Health Care

Health care improves human wellbeing by preventing and treating illness, caring for vulnerable people, and providing emergency support during crises. Access to quality health care helps people stay healthy and maintain a better quality of life.

how gdp and hdi are linked

GDP and HDI are linked because countries with a higher GDP usually have more money to spend on things that improve people's quality of life, such as education, healthcare and infrastructure.

As a result, countries with a higher GDP often have a higher HDI, since HDI measures not only income but also life expectancy and education. However, a high GDP does not always guarantee a high HDI if wealth is not shared equally or invested in improving living conditions.

one main issue in india

poverty

• Poverty limits access to basic needs such as nutritious food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare, leading to higher rates of malnutrition, disease, and infant mortality.

• Many children from poor families cannot afford a quality education, making them more likely to perform poorly at school, drop out, and remain trapped in the cycle of poverty.

• Poverty contributes to unemployment and low-paying jobs, as many people lack the education and skills needed for better employment opportunities.

• Poor households often face high healthcare costs, which can push families further into poverty when a family member becomes sick or injured.

• Children, particularly girls, are more vulnerable to child labour and early marriage due to poverty, reducing their future opportunities and wellbeing.

• Poverty can also increase social issues such as drug and tobacco abuse, especially in rural areas, and lowers overall quality of life.

reasons for spatial variations Australia

• Access to services varies, with people in major cities having better access to hospitals, schools, public transport, and other essential services than those in remote areas.

• Employment and income opportunities are generally greater in urban regions, leading to higher incomes and standards of living.

• Environmental and geographic factors, such as drought, isolation, and long distances, can make it harder for rural and remote communities to access resources and maintain wellbeing.

• Population distribution affects government investment, with densely populated areas often receiving more infrastructure and services than sparsely populated regions.

NGO’s in india

One example of an NGO helping reduce poverty in India is the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA). SEWA supports millions of poor women by providing skills training, access to banking and loans, healthcare, and opportunities to earn a stable income, helping families become more financially secure. Its goals include increasing employment and self-reliance for women in India's informal econom

Spatial distribution

Refers to how resources, activities and human demographic features of landscapes are arranged across the earth.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

An independent, nonprofit entity that operates autonomously from government control to address social, humanitarian, environmental, or developmental issues

Reasons for spatial variations in human wellbeing:

Gender inequality

o Access to education

o Access to healthcare

social v economic indicators

• Social indicators which measure development through non-financial means, focusing on wellbeing and quality of life

OR

• Economic indicators which measure development through financial and industrial metrics

MEDC

More economically developed country which has relatively greater access to wealth, healthcare and education. For example Australia

LEDC

Less economically developed country which has relatively poorer access to wealth, healthcare and education. For example the Democratic Republic of Congo

Human Development Index (HDI)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure used to assess a country's average achievements in health, education, and standard of living, reflecting human wellbeing beyond economic growth.

1. Spatial association

The strength of the pattern between the locations/distribution of two different geographical phenomena.

Poverty cycle

The poverty cycle is a self-perpetuating pattern in which families remain trapped in 

poverty across generations, making it difficult to escape without external intervention

Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global objectives adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all by 2030.