Test prep: Humans 2

What is a food surplus? How would it be acquired? What would it lead to?

Having more food than people need.

It can come from farming more food. It allows people to do other jobs and helps cities grow.

What is irrigation? How would it help to produce a food surplus?

Bringing water to crops.

It helps plants grow and farmers produce more food.

What are some benefits of domesticated animals? What are some harms?

Provide food, clothing, and help with farming. However, they can spread diseases and damage land.

What is an agrarian civilization? What are the eight characteristics of agrarian civilizations?

An agrarian civilization is a society based on farming.

• Cities

• Government

• Social classes

• Different jobs

• Writing

• Organized religion

• Long-distance trade

• Large buildings

What can be learned from Göbekli Tepe? How does it represent a “curveball” in terms of our understanding of the past?

Göbekli Tepe shows that people could build large structures before farming became common.

What was the role of the Nile River in ancient Egyptian civilization?

Provided water, fertile soil, and transportation.

It helped Egyptians grow food and build their civilization.

How would writing speed up collective learning?

Writing helps people save knowledge and share it with others and future generations.

What is specialization? How does it relate to civilization?

People have different jobs. It helps civilizations grow because people can focus on their own skills.

How would the Silk Road speed up collective learning?

Helped people share ideas, inventions, and knowledge through trade.

Why did civilizations expand?

Expanded to gain more land, resources, wealth, and power.