Ashlyns quizlet CHAPTER 5 EXAM REVIEW (forearm, elbow, humerus)

What are the 2 long bones that make up the forearm?

Radius and Ulna

The buckle fracture is common in what type of people?

Children

What is the Monteggia fracture?

Proximal ulna fracture with radial head dislocation

What is the Buckle fracture?

An incomplete bone fracture in childhood

What is the Greenstick fracture?

When a bone breaks on the outside but not all the way through

What is the Torus fracture also referred to as?

Buckle Fracture

Is the radius medial or lateral?

lateral

Is the ulna medial or lateral?

Medial

The anatomic neck is on ____ of the surgical neck

top

Capitulum is always on the ______ side.

Lateral

Trochlea is always on the ______ side.

Medial

What type of joint is the elbow?

Synovial hinge joint (only allows flexion and extension)

The Intertubercular groove is also known as the...

Bicipital Groove

Where is most common for shoulder injuries?

Surgical neck

What 3 joints are enclosed in a common capsule?

Proximal radioulnar joint, humeroradial joint, humeroulnar joint

What does the Sail sign show?

fat pad on the anterior side

The head of the humerus articulates with the _______.

Scapula

Which portion of the humerus articulates with the radial head?

Capitulum

What are the breathing instructions for a humerus exam?

Suspend Respiration

What are the two projections for the forearm?

AP and Lateral

Where does the CR enter in the forearm?

Midpoint

Is the CR perpendicular or parallel to the IR for an AP forearm?

perpendicular

For Lateral forearm, the long axis aligned with the IR is _______.

Parallel

The elbow needs to be flexed at ?

90 degrees

What is the projection for a lateral forearm?

Lateromedial

What are the 4 projections of the elbow?

AP

Lateral

Medial rotation (AP oblique)

Lateral rotation (AP oblique)

What is the Axiolateral coyle method? (Page 204 in textbook)

Useful in traume to show radial head and coronoid process

Radial Head, What is the position of the elbow and the CR?

Elbow flexed at 90 degrees

CR at 45 degrees toward the shoulder

Coronoid process, What is the position of the elbow and the CR?

Elbow flexed at 80 degrees

CR at 45 degrees away from shoulder

Radial Head or Coronoid process? (Coyle)

Radial Head

Radial Head or Coronoid process? (Coyle)

Coronoid Process

Which coyle is this xray showing?

Coronoid Process

Which coyle is this xray showing?

Radial head

What is the collimated field size of the elbow?

3 inches proximal and distal, 1 inch on all sides

For an AP elbow, the _______ surface is in contact with the IR

Posterior

Is the CR perpendicular or parallel for an AP elbow?

perpendicular

Are the elbow joints open or closed for an AP elbow?

Open

What is the image representing?

Evaluation Criteria of the humerus

Which fat pad do we NOT want to see?

Posterior

The lateral oblique is done to demonstrate what?

Radial Head, Neck and Tuberosity (free of superimposition of the ulna)

The Medial oblique is done to demonstrate what?

Coronoid process (free of superimposition)

Medial Rotation can also be referred to as?

Internal Rotation

What position and Projection?

AP (Elbow)

What position and Projection?

Lateral Oblique (Elbow)

What position and Projection?

AP oblique (Elbow)

What are the 2 projections for the Humerus?

AP and Lateral

What is the collimated field size for the humerus?

2 inches distal to the elbow, 1 inch on all sides

What 2 joints do we need to make sure are shown in a humerus x-ray?

Shoulder and Elbow

For an AP humerus, the IR should be how many inches above the shoulder?

1.5

What is the AC joint?

Acromioclavicular joint

Where is the AC joint located?

Where the clavicle meets the shoulder blade (Acromion)

What are the 3 fat pads>

Posterior, Anterior, and Supinator

What are the 3 fossas?

coronoid, radial, olecranon??

The head of the humerus lies in a _______ plane

Oblique

In the ulnar anatomy of the forearm, the Olecranon process is

proximal and posterior

In the ulnar anatomy of the forearm, the coronoid process is

Proximal and anterior

In the ulnar anatomy of the forearm, the styloid process is

distal

In the Radial anatomy of the forearm, the Radial tuberosity is

proximal

In the radial anatomy of the forearm, the radial head is

proximal

Which of the following require the humeral epicondyles to be positioned parallel with the IR?

1. AP forearm

2.AP elbow

3.PA wrist

1 and 2

What fat pad SHOULD we see when imaging?

Anterior

Projection and position?

AP oblique elbow, Medial rotation

Projection and position?

AP oblique elbow, lateral rotation

Projection and position?

AP Distal Humerus, Elbow in partial flexion

What projection of the elbow demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?

Lateral

What is going to be in profile for the medial humerus?

Lesser Tubercle

What is going to be in profile for the lateral humerus?

Greater Tubercle

Projection? Anatomy?

AP oblique lateral rotation

Projection? Anatomy?

AP Humerus

Projection? Anatomy?

Lateral (Lateromedial) Elbow

Projection? Anatomy?

Coyle (radial head)

What forms the humeroulnar joint?

Trochlear and trochlear notch

What is the most difficult fracture to see in the elbow?

Radial Head

For the lateral elbow projection, the soft tissue that is most important to see is the

fat pads

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint?

Synovial pivot

What do your forearm bones do when hand is supinated vs pronated?

Supinated: Radius and ulna are parallel to eachother in anatomic position

Pronated: The radius rotates medially and crosses over the ulna

The coracoid process is part of the?

Shoulder

The coronoid process is part of the?

elbow and forearm (or distal humerus)

If you are looking for a specific report or body part in an x-ray, it is known as?

In profile

In AP projection (Humerus, elbow, forearm), what plane is parallel/perpendicular to the IR?

MCP - Parallel

MSP - Perpendicular

The ulna is large and presents two beaklike processes and concave depressions

true

The humerus consists of a ______ and two___________ ends.

Body, articular

The entire distal end of the humerus is called?

Humeral Condyle

The medial and lateral epicondyles are superior or inferior to the condyle?

superior

The olecranon fossa is found directly behind the?

Coronoid fossa

The lesser tubercle is situation on the ______ side. (Anterior or posterior)

anterior

The greater tubercle is situation on the _______ surface. (Lateral or medial)

Lateral

What site is most common for fractures in the humerus?

Surgical Neck

Pivot Joints are:

Joints that only allow rotation around a single axis

Hinge joints are:

Joints that only permit flexion or extension

Synarthroses are __________ joints.

immoveable

Amphiarthroses are ____________ joints.

slightly moveable

Diarthroses are ________ joints.

freely moveable

The proximal and distal radioulnar joints are what type of joints?

Synovial, pivot, freely moveable

The humeroulnar and humeroradial joints are what type of joints?

Synovial, hinge, freely movable

What is this image showing?

Elbow dislocation

What is dislocation?

When the bone is displaced from the joint space