End of Quarter Science Final Exam Review

Vocabulary and concept review flashcards for the End of Quarter Science Final Exam, covering atomic structure, forces, physical vs. chemical changes, brain anatomy, and experimental design.

Exam Section One

The vocabulary portion of the exam featuring six words from list one and six words from list two, accounting for $18\%$ of the total test.

Exam Section Two

The section requiring students to balance two chemical equations: one simple equation and one slightly more difficult equation.

Subatomic Particles

The three main constituents of an atom (protons, neutrons, and electrons), evaluated by their electric charge, relative mass, and location inside or outside the nucleus.

Three Main Brain Structures

The three primary physical anatomical divisions of the brain assessed on their specific physiological roles and responsibilities.

Graph Axes ($X$ and $Y$)

The coordinate axes used in graphing where the independent variable is conventionally plotted on the horizontal $X$-axis and the dependent variable on the vertical $Y$-axis.

Chemical Bonding

The process by which atoms combine with one another to achieve greater stability or full valence electron shells.

Ionic Bond vs. Covalent Bond

The fundamental distinction between chemical bonds where ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms and covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs.

Chemical Change

A process where bonds between atoms break and reform into new substances with different molecular structures, evidenced by observable signs such as color shifts, gas release, or temperature changes.

Tension vs. Torsion

Two distinct mechanical forces: tension refers to an axial pulling or stretching force, whereas torsion refers to a twisting force acting about an axis.

Liquid Density Determination

The laboratory procedure of measuring a liquid's mass using a balance and its volume using a graduated cylinder, then calculating density via the formula $\text{density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$.

Boiling Water (Physical vs. Chemical Change)

A physical change because phase transitions alter the state of matter and kinetic separation of $H_2O$ molecules without modifying their underlying chemical identity.

Periodic Table Groups vs. Periods

The structural arrangement of the periodic table in which elements located in the same vertical column (group) share more similar chemical properties than elements in the same horizontal row (period).

Thermal Expansion and Molecular Motion

The three key effects that occur when particles absorb heat: an increase in thermal energy, faster movement/higher kinetic velocity, and greater spacing between particles.

Dissolution (Solute in Solvent)

A physical change where solute particles separate and disperse evenly throughout solvent particles without creating new chemical identities or altering chemical bonds.

Four Fundamental Forces

The four universal interactions governing all matter in physics: the strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force, and gravitational force.

Can Crusher Experiment

A laboratory demonstration involving an essay explanation that students can write on the day of the experiment and attach directly to the Friday exam.

Design Project Scenario Variables

The key experimental elements tested in the scenario section, specifically identifying the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV).