Minority Politics Quiz 2

V.O. Key view

Public opinion held by private persons that government must paid attention to

Representative Sample

Polling random samples of people to represent public opinion.

Main advantage of surveys

Representative Samples

Polling Error Points Over Time

Decrease 10 points to 1-2 points.

Opt-in internet survey

May not represent the public. Lacks minorities without access to the internet.

Probability sampling

National polling that gauges the opinion of one minority population.

Why is probability sampling innacurate?

Surveys are in English and use broad terms like Latino and Asian without geographical distinctions.

Social desirability bias

When individual Americans don’t want to admit to holding views that are seen as unacceptable.

Core American values

Individualism and Opportunity Equality.

Principle-Implementation Gap

White support for the principle of equality, but lack in policy action. Welfare for example.

"Model Minority”

Asian stereotyping on “traits” of education and hard work.

Racial Skew in Political Participation

Voting is dominated by Whites, but gradually increasing among people of color.

Conventional Participation

Voting in presidential and congressional elections, campaigning, donating, and writing letters.

Unconventional Participation

Protests and demonstrations, boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience.

Rational Actor Approach

People act (vote) when the benefits (candidate wins) outweigh the cost (time and effort)

Racial Gerrymandering

Areas with high Black populations were districted into majority-White cities to dilute minority votes.

Partisan gerrymandering

Redistricting to ensure one political party wins. Often for House seats.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes in White South that limited minority voting.

Founding Era Suffrage

1700s only White property-owning adult males could vote.

Agenda Setting

The process by which the general public comes to focus on and prioritize issues that are emphasized in the media.

Framing

Media depicts an issue dispute in different ways applying to party opinions

Direct Influence

Media delivers messages to pass along new info, not as successful at changing opinions.

Indirect Influence

agenda-setting and framing by media

Southern Strategy

White Republican politicians aimed to appeal to segregationists and racists to gain the white southern vote.

Explicit Racial Appeals

Branding of GOP as the party of racial convervatism, Southern strategy and Nixon to appeal to white voters. Blacks are incentivized to use more explicit racial appeal to get whites.

Implicit Racial Appeals

Avoiding topics of race to diminish anti-black stereotyping. Proves successful for Whites.

Radical Realignment

Race has changed American politics due to demographics, civil rights, and Black demands for change.

Racial Threat Theory

The larger a race group, the bigger the perceived threat and likelihood of backlash.

Post-Racial Hypothesis

Race is the biggest factor in Politics and Elections

Independents

Largest show of Americans, many Latino and Asian