Ital 219 Final
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56 Terms
What were the two political parties in Italy after WWI?
The Catholic Popular Party and the Socialist Party.
What happened to the Socialist Party after WWI?
There was a schism.
What new party emerged from the Socialist Party?
The New Communist Party.
What year was the New Communist Party formed?
What year was the March on Rome?
Why was the March on Rome successful?
King Vittorio Emanuele did not stop them because he feared resistance would cause his fascist duke cousin to try to overthrow him.
What position did Mussolini take up after the March on Rome?
Prime Minister.
What does EUR stand for?
Esposizione Universale Roma.
What was EUR42 for?
It was a complex made to host the 1942 World Fair in Rome, to display the power of fascist Italy.
What is neoclassicism in Italy?
A blend of modern architectural rationalism and Roman Imperial design.
Why are the Tremiti Islands significant?
The islands that homosexual men were sent to during the fascist movement.
What was the Foro Italico?
A forum designed to be a sports complex, representing the importance of physical strength in Italian men.
What is Ponte Flaminio?
A bridge designed during fascist Italy to connect roads over the Tiber and celebrate the power of the fascist party.
What are the Palazzi Federici?
Apartment buildings made for the lower class, showing the fascist party’s disregard for their wellbeing.
Which film featured the Palazzi Federici?
Una Giornata Particolare.
Which university was founded under the fascist party?
La Sapienza, The University of Rome.
What makes La Sapienza special?
It is the largest university in Europe and is cheap to attend.
What is Cinecitta?
A film studio created under the fascists that allowed Mussolini to create high-quality propaganda films.
Which period of Italian history was deemed unimportant by the fascists?
The Middle Ages.
What is the key characteristic of rationalism in Italian architecture?
Straight lines.
Who designed the Palazzi Federici?
Mario de Renzi.
What are the nicknames for the Foro Italico?
Stadio dei Marmi (Stadium of Marbles) and Foro Mussolini.
What did Via dei Fori Imperiali do?
Connects Piazza Venezia to the Colosseum.
Why is Largo Argentina significant?
The medieval church of San Nicola ai Cesarini was destroyed to uncover it.
Why is Via Della Conciliazione significant?
It destroyed the Borgo neighborhood to create a clear area/view of the Vatican.
What is the purpose of the Lateran Treaties?
Establish the Pope as in charge of the church, and Mussolini as in charge of Italy.
Why is Via del Mare significant?
Its construction caused the destruction of the Medieval Piazza Montanara.
What were the main fascist values?
Hypernationalism, strength among men, family values, and emphasis on youth.
What were Mussolini’s perspectives on foreign policy?
Participation in the Spanish Civil War, invasion of North Africa, alliance with Hitler, entry into WWII.
What year did Mussolini involve Italy in the Spanish Civil War?
What year did Italy enter WWII?
How did Mussolini get arrested?
King Vittorio Emmanuele invited him over to talk, but had an ambulance on sight to arrest him.
Who freed Mussolini from his arrest?
The German Nazis.
How did Mussolini escape?
Disguised as a woman with his mistress.
Who killed Mussolini?
The partisans.
Who were the partisans during WWII?
An Italian antifascist group.
What is a referendum?
A direct vote by the people.
What was special about the referendum after WWII?
Italian women were able to vote for the first time.
Which form of government did the Italian people choose in the referendum?
Republic.
What is the nickname of Neorealism?
The cinema against the silence.
When did the neorealist movement begin?
Started in 1943, but began to flourish after WWII.
Who are some notable neorealist directors?
Vittorio De Sica, Roberto Rossellini, Cesare Zavattini, Luchino Visconti, Pietro Germi, and Federico Fellini.
What are some characteristics of neorealism?
The plot as an enemy, human solidarity, popular settings, the cinema showing fact, and interest in social problems.
What are some common themes of neorealist movies?
Solitude and oldness, social problems of Italy.
What was the main criticism of neorealist film?
Cinema is for relief & escape; these films are made too soon after the war.
How does neorealism function as a moral position?
Cinema is not art but a message of real life.
What were Pier Paolo Pasolini’s main disciplines?
Poetry, novels, cinema, politics, journalism.
What were Pasolini’s thoughts on religion & politics?
Believed that communism is not contrary to Christian values.
What are the 3 aspects of Pasolini’s anthropological mutation theory?
Homologation, consumeristic culture is harming society, and widespread television use is leading towards less diverse goals.
How does television cause struggle?
People's needs and desires are homogenized, but not their resources.
Who directed the documentary Fuocoammare?
Gianfranco Rosi.
What are the points of the voyage in Fuocoammare?
From Libya to the island of Lampedusa.
How many people have tried to take this crossing?
More than 400,000.
What is the significance of the boy’s lazy eye in Fuocoammare?
It's a metaphor for the people of the world turning a blind eye to this migration issue.
Who directed The Great Beauty?
Paolo Sorrentino.
What is The Great Beauty’s message about Rome today?
Superficiality among the upper class, lack of culture and values.