08 - Growth: 1st and 2nd Year of Life

T

T/F: 90% of critical brain development occurs in the 1st 5 yrs of life

Brain

This is the only organ not fully developed at birth

Neuroplasticity

This is the ability of the brain to be shaped by experience

36%

Total brain volume relative to adult at 1st month of life

72%

Total brain volume relative to adult at 1st year of life

83%

Total brain volume relative to adult at 2nd year of life

90%

Total brain volume relative to adult at 5th year of life

7-8 months AOG

The myelination of the cortex begins at what age?

T

T/F: The brain develops posteriorly → anteriorly

F; Sensory → Motor → Associative

T/F: The brain develops the motor pathways first, then sensory, then associative

F; Phsiological weight loss

T/F: 10-12% loss of weight at the 1st year of life should be a cause for conern

Excretion of excess extravascular fluid and Limited nutritional intake

Reasons for physiological weight loss at the 1st week of life

2nd week of life

After physiological weight loss, at what age do infants recover that weight?

F; At sides
F; Involuntary
T
T
T

MTF: Characteristics of a baby at 0-2 months of life

1.) Arms at midline
2.) Voluntary Smiles
3.) Preference for faces
4.) Preferential turning toward the mother’s voice
5.) Ability to differentiate among patterns, colors, and consonants

T

T/F: It is important to respond to a child’s cry especially at 0-2 months

Empathy

An infant cries in response to the cry of another infant. This is an early sign of what emotional developmental aspect?

6 weeks

Crying peaks at around what age?

F; Pathologic when more than 3 hrs/day
T
F; Pathologic when persists at 3-5 months

MTF: Warning signs for crying

1.) Pathologic when it reaches up to 2 hrs/day
2.) Pathologic when it lasts longer than 3 days/week
3.) Pathologic at 2 months

2nd/3rd week of life

Colic/Kabag begins at what age?

3 hrs/day for 3 days/week

Colic/Kabag usually lasts how long and occurs how many times per week?

3-4 months

Colic/Kabag usually resolves at what age?

Peaks at 2 months
Unpredictable
Resistant to Soothing
Pain-like expression
Long bouts
Evening Crying

What is the PURPLE Acronym when crying that should be taught to the caregiver?

T
F; Increased
T
F; Routines are established

MTF: Characteristics of a 2-6 month old

1.) Voluntary Social Smile
2.) Decreased eye contact
3.) Increased range of social and motor control
4.) No routines yet

4 months

What age does an infant begin taking food from a spoon?

4 months

What age does is an infant able to intentionally roll

4-6 months

At what age do infants achieve regular sleep-wake cycle

14-16 months

Total sleep requirement for 4-6 months

4 months

At what age can infants begin to imitate and discriminate facial expressions

10 cm

Head circumference increased by how much during the 1st year of life?

Lower central incisors

1st teeth to erupt?

2 months

Age where an infant raises their head slightly WITHOUT arms extended

3 months

Age where an infant raises their head slightly WITH arms extended

4 months

Age where an infant raises their head to the vertical axis

5-6 months

Age where an infant can roll over

7 months

Age where an infant can sit WITH support

10 months

Age where an infant can sit WITHOUT support

12 months

Age where an infant can walk with one hand held

15 months

Age where an infant can walk independently

10 months

Age where an infant can creep or crawl

1 year

Age where infant speaks first real word and plays simple games

10 months

Age where an infant says “mama” and “dada”, responds to name, and responds to peek-a-boo

7 months

Age where an infant babbles and enjoys the mirror

4 months

Age where an infant laughs out loud and is excited with food

3 months

Age where an infant can sustain social contact and say “ahh ngaa”

2 months

Age where an infant smiles on social contact and coos

1 year

Age where an infant can do unassisted pincer grasps and turn pages of a book

10 months

Age where an infant can do a thumb finger grasp

7 months

Age where an infant can transfer objects from hand to hand

5 months

Age where an infant starts reaching for objects

4 months

Age where an infant places hands in their mouth

3.5 to 4 months

Age where an infant grasps a rattle

Object Permanence

This is an important milestone for babies usually seen at 9 months and may be used to diagnose autism

T

T/F: At 6-12 months, there is poor weight gain due to the infant’s drive for autonomy

Stranger Anxiety

Phenomenon seen at 6-9 months where a baby cries when a person who is not their parent says hi to them

Tantrum

An infants drive for autonomy versus parental control and infant’s limited ability may results in what phenomenon to occur?

7 months

At what age are infants adept at non-verbal communication

9 months

At what age can infants share emotions

T
T
F; Wide-based
F; Knees and arms flexed
F; Genu varum

MTF: Physical Development at 12-18 months

1.) Exaggerated Lumbar Lordosis
2.) Protruding Abdomen
3.) Narrow Gait
4.) Knees extended and arms flexed at elbow
5.) Legs appear to have genu valgum

Symbolic Play

This is a type of make-believe play seen in 12-18 months that they themselves only understand and it centers around their own body

T

T/F: 12-18 month children will orbit around their parents as they get used to walking

F; Receptive → Expressive

T/F: Expressive language development precedes receptive language development

1 year

At what age do infants respond to simple statements such as “no”, “bye bye” and “give me”

15 months

At what age can infants point out major body parts and use 4-6 words spontaneously and correctly

18 months

At what age does an infant begin running and start climbing stairs with support

2 years

At what age does an infant begin climbing, jumping, and climb stairs unsupported 1 stair at a time

9 months

Emergence of Object permanence

18 months

Establishment of Object permanence

10 words

How many words can 18 month children usually say?

3

A tower of how many cubes can be built by a 15 month old child

4

A tower of how many cubes can be built by a 18 month old child

7

A tower of how many cubes can be built by a 24 month old child

T

T/F: At 12 months, symbolic play is centered around their own body while at 18 months, it it transferred to another object

24 months

At what age does a child scribble in circular patterns, imitates horizontal strokes, and fold paper once

18 months

Rapprochement occurs at what age where a child has increased clinginess after 6 months of relative independence

18 months

Age where separation anxiety first begins

No

An 18-months favorite word as their expression for independence

50-100

How many words can 2 y/o usually say?

Emergence of verbal language

This phenomenon marks the end of the sensorimotor stage

24 months

At what age do infants start putting 2-3 word phrases together

15 months

Identify age of infant: Crawls up the stairs

15 months

Identify age of infant: Inserts raisin in bottle

15 months

Identify age of infant: Indicates desires by pointing

18 months

Identify age of infant: Vertical stroke and imitates scribbling

18 months

Identify age of infant: Dumps raisin in a bottle

18 months

Identify age of infant: Feeds self

15 months

Identify age of infant: Hugs parent

18 months

Identify age of infant: Kisses parent with pucker

18 months

Identify age of infant: Walks up stairs with 1 hand held

24 months

Identify age of infant: Circular scribbles and imitates horizontal stroke

24 months

Identify age of infant: Listens to stories when shown pictures

24 months

Identify age of infant: Often tells immediate expriences

24 months

Identify age of infant: Folds paper once

24 months

Identify age of infant: Opens doors

1 y/o

Identify age of infant: 1 step command

2 y/o

Identify age of infant: 2 step command

3 y/o

Identify age of infant: 3 step command

4 y/o

Identify age of infant: 4 step command

15 month

Identify age of infant: Respond to name