C - Paraspinal Muscles

Paraspinal muscles are located

on either side of the spine

Paraspinal muscles are ______ and _______ to the vertebral column

posterior, lateral

All sagittal plane actions only occur when a given muscle is active ______

bilaterally

All frontal and transrverse plane actions occur when a muscle is active _______

unilaterally

All instances of lateral bind are..

ipsilateral bend

Axial rotation is listed as either

ipsilateral or contralateral rotation

Moment Arm

distance from a muscle to joint

Splenius - origin, insertion, action

• O - nuchal ligament and SP’s

• I - mastoid process, nuchal lines, TVP’s

• A - extension, lateral bend, ipsilateral rotation

Spinalis - origin, insertion, action

• O - nuchal ligament, SP’s

• I - SP’s

• A - extension, lateral bend

Longissimus - origin, insertion, action

• O - TVP’s

• I - TVP’s, mastoid process

• A - extension, lateral bend

Iliocostalis - origin, insertion, action

• O - iliac crest, ribs

• I - ribs, TVP’s

• A - extension, lateral bend

Anterior Scalene - origin, insertion, action, innervation

• O - cervical TVP’s

• I - rib 1

• A - deep inhalation

• In - local spinal nerves

Middle Scalene - origin, insertion, action, innervation

• O - cervical TVP’s

• I - rib 1

• A - cervical flexion, lateral bend

• In - local spinal nerves

Posterior Scalene - origin, insertion, action, innervation

• O - cervical TVP’s

• I - rib 2

• A - cervical flexion, lateral bend, deep inhalation

• In - local spinal nerves

SCM - origin, insertion, action, innervation

• O - manubrium and medial clavicle

• I - mastoid process

• A - atlantooccipital extension, c-spine flexion, lateral bend, contralateral rotation, deep inhalation

• In - CN XI

QL - origin, insertion, action

• O - iliac crest

• I - rib 12 and lumbar vertebrae

• A - lateral bend, forced inhalation

Psoas - origin, insertion, action

• O - lumbar TVP’s and VB’s

• I - lesser trochanter (femur)

• A - hip flexion, hip external rotation, lumbar flexion (supine)