UROLITHIASIS (KIDNEY STONES)

Topic: Urolithiasis Definition

Condition when stones exit renal pelvis and move into urinary collecting system

Topic: Urolithiasis vs Nephrolithiasis

Urolithiasis = stones in urinary tract; Nephrolithiasis = stones in kidneys

Topic: Urolithiasis Major Risk Factor

Dehydration (DHN)

Topic: Urolithiasis Other Risk Factors

Infection urinary stasis immobility hypercalcemia hyperparathyroidism excess Vit D cancer

Topic: Calcium Stone Composition

Calcium Oxalate or Calcium Phosphate

Topic: Calcium Stone Causes

Dehydration Hypercalcemia

Topic: Struvite Stone Composition

Bacteria (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate)

Topic: Struvite Stone Causes

Chronic UTI (Proteus Staph Pseudomonas Klebsiella)

Topic: Uric Acid Stone Causes

Dehydration Foods high in purines

Topic: Cystine Stone Causes

Rare genetic disorder

Topic: Urolithiasis Signs and Symptoms

Sudden sharp severe flank pain radiating to suprapubic/genitalia N&V chills fever ↓BP (if infected) urinary retention

Topic: Urolithiasis Diagnostics

UA (hematuria leukocytes crystals pH) KUB/CT UTZ

Topic: Urolithiasis Medical Management (Small Stones)

Hydration Analgesics (NSAIDs) Antimicrobials Natural passage

Topic: Urolithiasis Medical Management (Large Stones)

ESWL (Shock Wave Lithotripsy) Laser lithotripsy

Topic: Urolithiasis Surgical Options

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Ureterolithotomy Pyelolithotomy Nephrolithotomy Cystoscopy

Topic: Urolithiasis Nursing Management

1. Relieve pain 2. Improve urinary output 3. Prevent infection