Securing the world - articles

Zedner

- Security as a contested, elastic and politically charged concept

- Security's dichotomies

- Governing security

Peoples & Vaughan-Williams C1

- Welsh School of CSS

- Emancipation

- Emancipatory realism

De Graaf & Zwierlein

- Securitization theory

- Historicizing security

- Security dispositive

- Legitimation & delegitimation

Peoples & Vaughan-Williams C5

- Speech act theory

- Referent object

- Referent subject

- Securitizing actor

- Potential measures

- Desecuritzation

- Asecurity

Barkawi & Laffey

- Global South is either ignored or stigmatized

- Critiques Eurocentric foundations of security studies

Hansen

- Copenhagen blindspots: security as silence and subsuming security

- Gendered insecurity is framed as social and thus excluded from (international) security analysis

- Acknowledge the body in speech acts

- Shift from 'what is security?' to 'how are security problems constructed?'

- Recognize intersectionality of gender and security

Bilgin

- Critiques Buzan and Hansen for framing Western-centrism as mere blind spot in security studies

- Its a constitutive practice, not just blind spots

- Western-centrism as active shaping force in SS

- Postcolonial critique of SS is necessary

Kaplan

- Imperial/male gaze

- 'Gaze' should be distinguished from looking

- What the camera shows is seen as the 'truth'

- Their discomfort leads to their construction of the primitive/civilized binary categorization

Ozavci

- The Napoleonic Wars

- The Eastern Question: what should Europe do with the Ottoman Empire

- Napoleon invasion

...

Butt

- US invasion of Iraq

- Was not because of WMD, spreading democracy, oil or the Israel lobby

- War was to demonstrate American power

- Generalized deterrence

- Demonstration effect

Betrand

- Can the subaltern securitize?

- Locutionary silencing

- Illouctionary frustrating

- Illocutionary disablement

- Seucritizing 'for' the subaltern

- Cologne

Thomas

- Algerian War of Independence

- Terroristic violence

- Violence must be understoodbroadly: physical assault, resource denial, discrimination and psychological violence

- Terror and counter-terror as the central medium of politics

- Swaying the public opinion, local, national and international

Rahal

- Nonviolent resistance in Algeria

- Boycotts and refusal

- Culture of nationalism

De Graaf, Ozavci & De Lange

- Transimperial security culture

- Security communities

- Treat perceptions

- Transfer of practices

Daase

- Cultural approach to security

- Internal security paradox: more security supply leads to a higher demand of security

Rodogno

- Euopean humanitarian intervention in Lebanon and Syria

- Europeans saw themselves as gentle crusaders that had to regenerate civilizations

- Intervention had underlying motives

- Ottoman souvereignty was only respected when it was useful

Akbarzadeh & Saba

- UN paralysis over Syria

- Responsibility to protect: became tainted as a possible tool of US/Western regime-change agendas, making the doctrine itself and obstacle to its open operationalisation

- Russia and China consistently mentioned the threat of regime change

- Libyan experience created a global perception that R2P can serve as a smokescreen for Western regime change

- THis paralysed the council over Syria

Buzan & Weaver

• Copenhagen School

• Thought of the securitzation theory

• Weaver added the speech act and desecuritization