Exogenetic Processes: Mechanical, Chemical, and Biological Weathering (copy)

Mechanical Weathering

The disintegration of rocks into smaller particles without any change in their chemical composition.

Thermal Expansion

The expansion of minerals in rocks when exposed to heat and contraction when temperatures decrease.

Frost Action

A process occurring when water freezes in cracks of rocks, expanding and creating pressure that causes rocks to break apart.

Chemical Weathering

The process of rock decomposition due to changes in their internal chemical composition.

Carbonation

The formation of dilute carbonic acid when atmospheric rainwater mixes with carbon dioxide, causing certain rocks to dissolve.

Oxidation

A chemical reaction that occurs when iron in rocks reacts with water and oxygen, resulting in rust formation.

Biological Weathering

The breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments by the activity of living organisms.

Plant Activity in Weathering

The process where plant roots grow in rock crevices, exerting pressure that causes rocks to split.

Animal Activity in Weathering

The process where burrowing animals and insects disrupt and weaken rock structures, causing disintegration.

Flora and Microorganism Growth

The physical and metabolic activity of organisms like algae and moss that contribute to rock breakdown.