elizabeth key terms

abdicate

giving up the throne

almshouse

charity building to provide food for the poor

astrolabe

navigation tool allowing for accuracy at sea

circumnavigate

to travel fully around the world

colony

land controlled by another country

counter- reformation

the reform of the catholic church during the 16th and 17th centuries. in response to the protestant reformation

enclosure

dividing up the land into smaller “enclosed” fields which were each owned by one person, these increased poverty

excommunicate

to be removed from the catholic church by the pope

exile

being sent to live in a country you aren’t from as a result of political disagreements

debasement

reducing the amount of precious metal in a coin, money was worth less and poverty increased

fireship

burning ship sent into an enemy harbour or convoy

house of correction

where beggars would be forced to stay the night as a punishment

inflation

when a currency is becoming worth less, shown through fast price increases

jesuit

group of Catholics who want to spread their religion

lateen

triangular sail which allowed ships to move much faster

line of battle

naval tactic, ships line to create a long wall of cannon fire

martyr

someone who dies for their religious beliefs

missionary

someone whose aim is to spread their religious beliefs

monopoly

the exclusive right to trade a particular profit

papal bull

special message from the pope

patron

somebody who funds work of an artist or performing group

patronage

land, title or power given by the Queen to ensure their support

pauper

the poorest members of society who are unable to find work

Presbyterian

a branch of Protestantism who believed bishops should be replaced by elders

privateer

a ship’s captain with royal permission to attack

privy council

the monarch’s private counsellors

prophesying

meeting between protestant clergy which involved criticism which involved criticising the Elizabethan English church

rack renting

demanding excessive rent from a tenant for property

recusant

somebody who refused to attend CofE services

renaissance

revival of european art and literature under the influence of classical civilisations, 14th to 16th centuries

royal court

the nobles, advisors etc who surround the monarch, they are wherever she is

secretary of state

leader of privy council, very powerful

seminary

training college for priests

separatism

branch of puritans who wanted to get rid of national church completely

stocks

punishment for begging where they would be held at hands and feet and have things thrown at them

succeed

take over the throne

surplice

white gown worn by CofE priests

annointment

holy oil applied during coronation

gentry

a rich and important social class

golden age

a period considered to be a peak of the time where lots of achievements are made