Chemistry

Chemical bond

A mutual attraction between two atoms resulting from the simultaneous attraction between their nuclei and the outer electrons .

Covalent bond

The sharing of electrons between two non metal atoms to form a molecule

Bonding pair

A pair of electrons that is shared between two atoms in a covalent bond

Lone pair

A pair of electrons in a valence shell of an atom that is not shared with another atom

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms covalently bonded and that function as a unit.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electrons

Bond energy

The energy needed to break one mole of its molecules into separate atoms

Bond length

the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

Boiling point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure

Melting point

The temperature at which the solid and the liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium

Vapor pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system

Solubility

The property of a solid , liquid or gaseous chemical substance to dissolve in a solid ,liquid or gaseous solvent to form a homogenous solution

Boyles law

The pressure of an enclosed gass is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies at constant temperature

One mole

The amount of substance having the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12g carbon 12

Molar mass

The mass of one mole of a substance measured in g.mol

Avocados law

One mole of any gasses occupied the same volume at the same temperature and pressure

Concentration

The amount of solutions per liter of solution

Heat of a reaction

The energy absorbed or realsed per mole in a chemical reaction

Exothermic

Reactions that release energy

Endothermic

Reactants that absorb energy

Activation energy

The minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place

Activated complex

The unstable transition state from reactants to products

Acids

Substances that produces hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water

Base

A substance that produces hydroxide ions when it dissolves in water