Cells — Basic Units of Life: Mitochondria and ribosomes

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10 Terms

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  1. Mitochondrion


A rod-shaped or cylindrical organelle surrounded by a double membrane and containing a fluid-filled matrix.

<p>A rod-shaped or cylindrical organelle surrounded by a double membrane and containing a fluid-filled matrix.</p>
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  1. Cristae


Finger-like projections formed by the inward folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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  1. Function of mitochondria


Carry out cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP.

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  1. Mitochondrial DNA


Mitochondria contain their own DNA.

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  1. Ribosomes


Very small, grain-like structures found in plant and animal cells and bacteria.

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  1. Structure of a ribosome


Consists of a larger subunit and a smaller subunit and is made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

<p>Consists of a larger subunit and a smaller subunit and is made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).</p>
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  1. Locations of ribosomes


On the endoplasmic reticulum, free in the cytoplasm, and in plastids and mitochondria.

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  1. Polyribosomes (polysomes)


Clusters of ribosomes found in the cytoplasm.

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  1. Function of ribosomes


Sites of protein synthesis.

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  1. Protein synthesis


Amino acids are linked together to form long polypeptide chains, which make up proteins.