APUSH Unit 3 Test A

At what cost was the victory Britain had in the Seven Years War?

their Atlantic Coast colonies rebelled and eventually, were lost

• British launched failed expeditions to capture Quebec from the French

  • Native supported by the French bruned British frontier settlements

King Williams War (1689-1697)

• Britian gains Nova Scotia from France and gets trading rights in Spanish America

  • they did this to break the monopoly over the colonies and to get gold and silver

Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)

• In Georgia, Jamems Oglethorpe leads the colonial army that repulses Spanish attacks

• New Englanders capture Louisbourg from the French (which controls access to the St. Lawrence River)

• In the peace treaty, Britian returns Louisboourg for gains in India

  • this angers New Englanders who had fought for the fortress

King George’s War (1744-1748)

1. gives colonists military confidence (KGW)

2. increases distrust of crown (KGW)

3. colonists are used by British; the attacks affect colonists rather than GB (Schenectady Massacre)

Three ways England’s war for empire pre-FIW impacted the North American colonies.

1754-1763

When did the Seven Years War occur?

• French build chain of forts in the Ohio River Valley to halt colonies’ westward growth

  • small initial victory led by George Washington, but his troops eventually surrender to force of both the French and their native allies

• In 1755, British and the colonists are defeated by smalller French and native troops

  • Algonquin allies ravage West Pennsylvania to the North Carolina frontier

  • French repulse British invasion of French Canada

Cause of the Seven Years War and Description

agreement proposed by Ben Franklin that provided for an intern colonial government and system for troop recruitment and tax collecting for colonies (for defense)

• colonies don’t accept, but the Albany Congress sets a precedent (Join or Die)

Albany Plan of Union

Peace of Paris

1. British retaking of Louisbourg in 1758

2. Surrender of Quebec to Britian in 1759 → British also take Montreal in 1760

3. Britian gets French Canada and Spanish Florida, which leads to…

4. French cede Louisiana to Spain

• British get supremacy among Europeans in Norht America, get to show off naval power

• challenges autonomy of Natives

• American colonists are no longer threatened by French, Spanish, and Natives

Five Territorial Outcomes and Effects of the Seven Years War

• low opinion of colonial military - think they’re poorly trained, disorderler

• noted that some colonists refused to contribute with troops/money, which convinces British that colonists were unable and unwilling to defend Britain’s new frontiers of their empire

British View of the Seven Years War

• proud of military performance in all four wars - proved they could defend themselves

• unimpressed with British military with lack of knowledge of the wooded terrain of eastern America

Colonial View of the Seven Years War

the policy of exercising little direct control over colonies and their navigation acts

• abandoned now as British adopted more forceful policies and took control of expanded North American dominions

Salutary Neglect post-SYW

• In 1763, Chief Pontiac leads an attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier

• Natives are angered by westwards movement of European settlers, encouragement ojn land, and the British refusal to offer gifts like the French had

• Pontiac’s alliance of Natives in the Ohio River valley destroys NY-VA forts and settlements

• British sends British troops to put down the uprising

Pontiac’s Rebellion

• to stabilize the western frontier, British government prohibits colonists from settling west of the Appalachain Mountains (to prevent hostility between Natives)

• colonists had hoped to be able too expand westwards as the benefit of participation in the Seven Years War

  • thousands stream westward past the boundary line drawn by the British

Proclamation of 1763

• divergent views on war and changes to British imperial policies

• British-Coloniala conflicts become more intense as the two sides debate taxation and representation

Growing British-Colonial Tensions post-SYW