SPORTS MED UNIT 2 EXAM

Primary Survey or 1° Survey

Assessment of life threatening or potentially life threatening problems like

• Loss of consciousness

• Airway/breathing compromise

• Circulation compromise/Shock

• Severe bleeding

Three C’s

Check - Scene, # of victims, includes CAB

Call - Call for emergency services

Care - begin treatment

(Written Question)

What are the Three C’s?

Check, Call, Care

(Written Question)

CAB

C - Consciousness, Circulation

A - Alertness, Airways

B - Breathing, Breaths

Sign

The objective findings

Ex: swelling, bruising, broken limb

Symptom

The subjective findings, cant be physically confirmed

Ex: Pain, nausea, headache

(Written Question)

Average Pulse

60-80 BPM

(Written Question)

Avg Blood Pressure

120/80

Systole

Related to BP, the pressure within the vessel walls when the heart beats

Diastole

Related to BP, the pressure within the vessel walls between heart beats

(Written Question)

Avg Temperature

98.6 deg F

(Written Question)

Avg Respirations

12-20 breaths per minute

(Written Question)

Skin color cause and example- white

Lack of blood flow (bloodloss)

(Written Question)

Skin color cause and example - blue

Lack of oxygen (respiratory arrest)

(Written Question)

Skin color cause and example - red

Increased blood flow (heatstroke)

(Written Question)

What does PEARL stand for?

Pupils equal and reactive to light

(Written Question)

States of Consciousness

Alert and Oriented

Abdominal Internal Bleeding signs

pain, bruising, rigidity, nausea, pain with percussion

Intercranial Internal Bleeding signs

pain, h/a, dizziness, nausea, cranial nerve abnormalities

Shock Definition

A medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an adequate flow of blood

(Written Question)

Fill in the Blank: A medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an _____________ (four words)

Shock Definition

adequate flow of blood

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Loss of blood from an injury

Hemorrhagic

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: lungs unable to supply oxygen to blood

Respiratory

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Loss of vascular control by nervous system

Neurogenic

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Inadequate heart function

Cardiogenic

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Severe loss of bodily fluids (not just blood)

Metabolic

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Severe alergic reaction

Anaphylactic

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Severe infection

Septic

(Written Question)

Type of Shock: Physiologic response to fear, stress, or emotional crisis ⇢ fainting

Psychogenic

Secondary Survey or 2° Survey

Looking for non-Life threatening issues and creating a DDx and Tx plan

(Written Question)

HOPS - Secondary Survey

History

Observation

Palpation

Strength/special tests

(Written Question)

SOAP - Secondary Survey

Subjective

Objective

Assessment

Plan

(Written Question)

What does the first half of SOAP (subjective and objective findings) include?

HOPS

HOPS - History

Questions, the subjective findings crucial to assessment.

Ex: Where/how bad is the pain? Acute or chronic?

HOPS - Observation

Objective findings, looking for swelling, sounds, discolorations, obvious injuries

HOPS - Palpation

Physical examination of the patient using hands, helps find temperature, bone anatomy, soft tissues

HOPS - Strength/special tests

Manual Muscle Testing - identifying which muscles are over/under active

(Written Question)

By the end of HOPS you should have

DDx

SOAP - Subjective

Same as history, the non measurable issues

SOAP - Objective

Includes observation , palpation, strength, & special tests, the measurable issues

SOAP - Assessment

The detailed final diagnosis gathered from objective and subjective findings during entirety of secondary survey

SOAP - Plan

The treatment plan for the patient, includes rehab and referrals

(Written Question)

By the end of SOAP you should have

Dx and tx plan

Trauma Definition

A physical injury or wound sustained in a sport produced by an external or internal force

(Written Question)

Fill in the Blank: A _____________ in a sport produced by an external or internal force (two words)

Trauma Definition

physical injury

(Written Question)

Outside forces or forces acting on the tissue

Load

(Written Question)

Internal resistance to an external load

Stress

(Written Question)

Extent of deformation of tissue under loading

Strain

(Written Question)

The Elastic Limit of a tissue

Yield Point

(Written Question)

When the elastic limit of a tissue is exceeded, resulting in damage

Mechanical Failure

(Written Question)

Types of Stress - Tension

Pulling or stretching of a tissue

(Written Question)

Types of Stress - Stretching

Muscle stretching beyond yield point

(Written Question)

Types of Stress - Compression

Crushing of tissue

(Written Question)

Types of Stress - Shearing

Force moving across tissue in parallel

(Written Question)

Types of Stress - Bending

Force along horizontal aspect of tissue

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - Collection of fluid below or within the epidermis of the skin

Friction Blister

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - Dermis and epidermis are scraped away after contact with a surface, exposing capillaries

Abrasion

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - A blow causes bleeding under the skin (bruising)

Contusion

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - Skin is sharply and neatly cut

Incision

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - Skin is irregularly torn (not well-defined)

Laceration

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - Penetration of an object through the skin

Puncture Wound

(Written Question)

Type of Skin Wound - Skin is ripped away from its source

Avultion

(Written Question)

Signs of Infection

Pain, heat, swelling, redness

What is pus accumulation (in the case of an infection?)

Increased presence of white blood cells that are full of waste from phagocytosis