Exam 3 Review

What does 'parens patriae' mean in the context of juvenile courts?

It means 'the state as the parent,' indicating that the state can intervene in a child's best interest.

What is the concept of Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) in juvenile justice?

DMC refers to the overrepresentation of minority youth at critical decision points in the juvenile justice system.

What is the effect of the Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention Act on girls involved in the juvenile justice system?

The rate of commitment to juvenile facilities significantly decreased for girls following its enactment.

What is domestic violence?

A pattern of abusive behavior aimed at gaining control or power over one's intimate partner, which can take various forms including physical and emotional abuse.

What milestone did the Violence Against Women Act achieve in 1994?

It allowed women to file civil charges against their abusers for financial compensation and mandated training for officers on handling domestic violence cases.

What are the key components of human trafficking?

Recruiting a person, providing transportation, and exploiting them through threats, force, coercion, or fraud.

What is the significance of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement?

It formed in response to the death of Trayvon Martin and highlights how racism intersects with the criminal justice system.

Define 'justifiable homicide' in the context of police action.

It occurs when a police officer kills a citizen while on duty without any ill intent, often out of fear for safety.

What does implicit bias refer to?

It refers to a bias that individuals may hold toward a group, which does not necessarily equate to hatred but can influence behavior.

What does intersectionality in crime and justice highlight?

It emphasizes how overlapping social identities, such as race, gender, and class, affect individuals' experiences within the criminal justice system.

What is the role of a victim advocate in domestic violence cases?

To provide support, empower victims, and assist them in navigating the legal process.

What does the term 'school to prison pipeline' refer to?

The collection of policies and practices that criminalize youth within educational environments, resulting in incarceration.

What are mandatory arrest policies in domestic violence cases?

Policies that require officers to make an arrest in domestic violence incidents regardless of the circumstances.

What is the impact of financial abuse in domestic violence situations?

Victims may become dependent on their abuser due to lack of access to funds, leading them to return to harmful situations.

How are victims of human trafficking often perceived by law enforcement?

They may be mistaken for offenders rather than receiving the support they need as victims.