Chapter 16 Respiratory System

Breathing

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

Air enters the nose and is moistened. Hairs called cilia and mucus help trap dirt.

nose/mouth

pharynx (throat)

A tube-like passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquid from the mouth or nose

larynx

(voice box)

trachea

(windpipe)

Lungs

the main organs of the respiratory system

Bronchi

The trachea branches into two narrower tubes that lead into the lungs

Alveoli

microscopic sacs at the end of the bronchioles

Diaphragm

large muscle below the lungs that contracts and relaxes and moves in and out of the lungs.

Epiglottis

the flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx. It keeps food and liquids from entering the respiratory system.

Pleura

thin outer membrane of the lungs

Bronchioles

smaller and narrower tubes called bronchi that lead to the lungs

vocal cords

Larynx

Bronchitis

coughing and fatigue due to mucus slowing air movement in the bronchi and bronchioles

Inhale

A. diaphragm contracts and moves down.

B. lungs expand air pressure decreases.

C. The volume of the chest activity increases.

Exhale

A. diaphragm relaxes and moves up

B. lungs contract and air pressure increases.

C. The volume of the chest cavity decreases.

1. What 3 things can people do to maintain respiratory health? You will have to list

A. Stay away from irritants and air pollution

B. Don’t smoke

C. Avoid secondhand smoke

D. Stay indoors on days with high pollen count or poor air quality

2. What happens when people try to hold their breath?

The nervous system sends a signal to the brain which alerts the respiratory system to breathe.

Emphysema

coughing, fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss due to the destruction of the alveoli. Usually caused by smoking.

Lung Cancer

coughing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain

Asthma

difficulty breathing due to swollen airways and increased mucus.

Pneumonia.

difficulty breathing due to fluid in the alveoli that slows gas exchange. Caused by a virus or bacteria