Airlaw - Devision of Airspace

FIR

Flight information Region, largest geographic division of airspace

FIS - Flight Information Service, provides information and assistance to pilots during flight operations.
and
Alerting service will be provided

Could have a UIR (upper) sitting above.

Control Area vs Control Zone

• Areas = Above

• Zone - around the airfield (surface)

CTA:

• lower limit cannot be lower than 700ft 200m

• upper limit, no atc will be provided above, or there is another CTA above.

CTR: (zone)

• from surface to specified limit,

• should meet the lower limit of the CTA, but can go above it, but never a gap.

• should have at least 5nm radius from airport.

Air-class Boundaries

Flights on the boundary are treated as being in the less restrictive airspace.

Speed Control in classes:

Below 10,000ft less than 250kt

except IFR in ABC, or VFR in B.

ATS Routes - RNP vs RNAV

RNP - is navigation specification based on area navigation that requires performance monitoring
RNP accuracy is determined by
communication services (ensure proper coordination)
NAV Aids, include GNSS to support the performance
ATC to ensure safe management



RNAV - does not include performance monitoring. permits operation on any desired flight path within coverage of station nav aids.




In order to fly IFR on such routes, RNAV equipment must meet requirements.

ATS Route names:

Prefix:
K = kopter
U = Upper
S = Supersonic


Turn performance: higher the letter, the higher the requirement
Y = Above FL200 , turn radius 22.5nm

Z = below FL190 turn radius 15nm.

F: Advisory service

G = Information service

ATCUs

Air Traffic Control Units, responsible for managing air traffic within designated airspace.

FICs

Flight Information Centers, providing flight information services and alerting service.

ATC service is provide in three main parts:

1. Area control service
   
   

2. Approach control service
   
   

3. Aerodrome control service.
   
   

Longitudinal Separation in Europe

A variation to ICAO - permits aircraft to be separated by 3 minutes, provided they are monitored on radar and separation is not less than 20nm

Manoeuvring area vs movement area:

Movement area = anywhere an aircraft can move = includes aprons

manoeuvring = just taxi ways and runways.

Aerodrome traffic is traffic flying in the vicinity and traffic on the manoeuvring area (not apron)

Airway Designator:

should contain at least 1 letter and 1 number, usually X1-999, mostly 5 chars but never more than 6.

Alerting Phases

INCERFA = uncertainty exists to the safety of aircraft
(nothing heard for 30 mins)

ALERFA = Alert phase, apprehension exists to the safety.
(aircraft cleared to land, doesn’t land within 5 mins)

DETRESFA = Distress phase, reasonable certainty an aircraft is threatened by grave and imminent danger.

Airspace Info

• class A = IFR only

Air Traffic Service:

• ATC service is provided A to D for all.

  • also provided in E to IFR

• IFR receives advisory in F

• Everywhere else is information.

Separation:

• A & B = all seperated

• C = IFR from all, VFR from IFR

• D & E = IFR from IFR, VFR from none.

• F= IFR from IFR where possible

Speed limits

A to C has no speed limit

C+ VFR and IFR = 250kt below 10,000

ATIS:

• does not include transition altitude, or an issue time

• does not need to be in english

• wind speed is magnetic

Seperation:

There are 3 types of separation , vertical.
Horizontal = Longitudinal (along the same path) ← Time and distance
Horizontal = Lateral (along the same path) ← different routes

ATS route letters - Remember

ABGR - ATS
LMNP - RNAV and ATS
HJVW - Non RNAV
QTYZ - RNAV

RNP is NOT included in the designation of an ATS route.