Patho Chapters 27, 30,31, 37, 38, 15

HWs

Which of the following best describes pericardial effusion?

it is the accumulation of the fluid in the pericardial cavity

A 65yo woman experienced chest pain when walking up 3 flights of stairs. After resting, the pain went away. What is her diagnosis?

Stable angina

_____________ is also know as floppy mitral valve syndrome

mitral valve prolapse

Which of the following best describes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

It is an autosomal dominant disorder that results in the defect in contractile proteins that make the heart too weak

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

aortic valve regurgitation is characterized by the narrowing of the valve orifice with increased resistance to the ejection of blood 

Which of the following can cause Atelectasis?

all of the above

In COPD, the blood is more basic/alkaline as the pH levels are high.

False

Which of the following can cause emphysema?

both a and b

Aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs can lead to ARDS.

True

A patient is experiencing shortness of breath and a stabbing chest pain which gets worse when they take a deep breath.  The patient's chart indictates that she has Factor V Leiden and a history of DVTs.  You suspect that the patient  _____________________________.

has a pulmonary embolism

Barotrauma in flight attendants can lead to sinusitis.

True

Hemagglutinin (H) is found on an/a ___________________ and allows this virus to attached to _________ on  ciliated respiratory cells.

Influenza A virus, sialic acid

A client’s chest x-ray and pathology report identify a granulomatous lesion that contains the tubercle bacilli. The health care provider uses which term to describe this lesion? 

Ghon focus

Which of the following best describes Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rod shaped aerobic bacteria with a waxy cell wall that causes TB

SARS-COV2  is ___________________  that causes COVID-19 and an adenovirus is  ________________ that can cause the common cold. 

an enveloped RNA virus, a nonenveloped DNA virus

ALS affects ________________.

both a and b

Arsenic can cause polyneuropathy.

True

What disease results from the degeneration of the dopamine nigrostriatal system of the basal ganglia? 

Parkinson's Disease

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram negative bacteria

Which of the following are true about Huntington's Disease?

It is an autosomal dominant disorder with both cognitive and motor impairment

Which of the following can cause dysphagia?

both a and b

Ulcerative colitis is a nonspecific inflammatory condition that affects the duodenum, ileum, colon and rectum.

False

A patient arrives at the office, and is complaining of having bad beath and frequent bouts of burping.  She is also coughing a lot.  After running some additional tests, it is discovered that the patients has ___________________ which is retaining food.

an esophageal diverticulum

Why can H. pylori survive in the stomach?

H. pylori releases urease, which breaks down urea to ammonia and CO2.  The ammonia is alkaline and buffers the HCl of the stomach.

A patient has been experiencing heartburn.   After a scan, it has shown that a portion of the stomach is pushing through the ______________________ of the diaphragm.  You now know that the patient has ___________________.

esophageal hiatus, hiatal hernia