Nursing Practice V: Maladaptive Behaviors and High-Acuity Care

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering psychiatric nursing, mental health, neuroanatomy, psychosocial theories, and acute medical-surgical emergencies from the Nurse Licensure Examination review notes.

Primary Level of Mental Health Care

The level of care focused on promotion and prevention through mental health education, screening, and counseling at Barangay Health Centers or Rural Health Units.

Secondary Level of Mental Health Care

The level of care focused on diagnosis and treatment, providing services like psychiatric consultation, psychotherapy, and medication management at general hospitals.

Tertiary Level of Mental Health Care

The level of care providing specialized and long-term psychiatric care, rehabilitation, and inpatient treatment at specialty mental health centers.

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "Fight or Flight" response, causing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and bronchodilation.

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "Rest and Digest" response, causing decreased heart rate, constricted pupils, and promoted urination.

Broca's Area

The region located in the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for speech production.

Wernicke's Area

The region located in the temporal lobe of the brain responsible for language comprehension.

Medulla Oblongata

A brainstem division that contains vital centers for regulating respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Choroid Plexus

The structure in the brain responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Sublimation

A defense mechanism involving the channeling of maladaptive impulses into positive, socially acceptable activities, such as exercising when angry.

Mild Anxiety

A level of anxiety characterized by increased alertness that actually enhances learning and performance.

Panic Anxiety

The most severe level of anxiety, characterized by a loss of control and inability to function, requiring immediate nursing intervention for safety.

Republic Act No. 11036

Also known as the Philippine Mental Health Act, it protects the rights of persons with mental health conditions and promotes accessible mental health care.

Id

The structure of personality present at birth that operates on the "Pleasure Principle," focusing on instincts and immediate impulses.

Ego

The structure of personality that operates on the "Reality Principle," performing reality-based decision-making to balance the id and superego.

Superego

The structure of personality that operates on the "Moral Principle," representing an individual's conscience and moral values.

Exploitation (Working) Phase

The longest phase of the nurse-patient relationship, during which the patient actively uses available resources and works toward identified goals.

Cognitive Triad of Depression

Aaron Beck's concept of three negative thought patterns in depression: negative views of the self ("I am worthless"), the world ("Everything is unfair"), and the future.

Eustress

Positive stress that motivates an individual and improves their performance.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Hans Selye's model of the body's response to stress, consisting of the Alarm stage (SNS activation), Resistance stage (adaptation), and Exhaustion stage (depletion).

Flight of Ideas

A thought process disturbance characterized by rapid shifting from one topic to another with understandable connections.

Word Salad

A thought process disturbance consisting of an incoherent mixture of unrelated words.

Delusion

A thought content disturbance defined as a fixed false belief held despite evidence to the contrary.

Anhedonia

A negative symptom of schizophrenia defined as the inability to experience pleasure.

Clozapine

An atypical antipsychotic used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia that requires regular monitoring for agranulocytosis.

Lithium

The gold standard mood stabilizer for Bipolar Disorder, requiring monitoring to maintain a therapeutic level of $0.6-1.2\,mEq/L$.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

The gold standard treatment choice for individuals diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Delirium

An acute, sudden state of confusion that is often reversible and usually caused by infection, drugs, or metabolic disorders.

Russell's Sign

Calluses found on the knuckles of patients with bulimia nervosa, caused by repeated self-induced vomiting.

Naloxone

The medication used to rapidly reverse respiratory depression and other symptoms of an opioid overdose.

Virchow's Triad

Three factors contributing to Pulmonary Embolism: venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability.

Refractory Hypoxemia

The hallmark of ARDS characterized by severe hypoxemia that does not improve even with high-flow oxygen therapy.

Venturi Mask

An oxygen delivery device preferred when a precise oxygen concentration ($FiO_2$) is needed, such as in patients with COPD.

Troponin I/T

The most sensitive and specific cardiac biomarker for diagnosing a myocardial infarction (MI).

BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)

The best laboratory marker for assessing cardiac function and failure; levels are elevated in patients with heart failure.

Beck's Triad

A collective sign used to identify cardiac tamponade: hypotension, jugular vein distention (JVD), and muffled heart sounds.

Cushing's Triad

A late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and impending herniation: widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations.

Asterixis

A flapping tremor of the hands that is a hallmark sign of hepatic encephalopathy.

Cullen's Sign

Periumbilical ecchymosis that indicates the presence of hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Grey Turner's Sign

Flank ecchymosis indicating retroperitoneal hemorrhage in cases of severe pancreatitis.

Kussmaul Respirations

Deep, rapid breathing seen in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) as the body's compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis.

Intravesical Pressure Measurement

The gold standard method (bladder pressure measurement) for diagnosing Intra-abdominal Hypertension (IAH).

Lichtenberg Figures

Characteristic fern-like skin markings found on victims of a lightning strike injury.

Allen's Test

A test performed before radial artery puncture to ensure appropriate collateral circulation is present.

SBAR

A standardized communication tool for reporting critical information, standing for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

The intravenous administration of complete nutrition through a central venous catheter when the GI tract cannot be used.