Chapter 2 - Part 3: Brain Functions, Dysfunctions, and Subcortex

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to speech disturbances, brain damage conditions, and subcortical structures from Chapter 2 Part 3.

Association Areas

Brain regions that combine and process information from the five senses.

Aphasia

A speech disturbance resulting from brain damage.

Broca's Area

Brain region related to language and speech production (pronunciation); if damaged, a person knows what s/he wants to say but cannot say the words.

Wernicke's Area

Brain region related to language comprehension; if damaged, a person has problems with meanings of words, NOT pronunciation.

Agnosia

The inability to identify seen objects.

Facial Agnosia

The inability to perceive familiar faces.

Subcortex

All brain structures below the cerebral cortex.

Hindbrain (Brainstem)

Includes cerebellum, medulla, pons, and reticular formation.

Medulla

Connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions such as heart rate and breathing.

Pons (Bridge)

Acts as a bridge between the brainstem and other structures; influences sleep and arousal.

Cerebellum

Located at the base of the brain; regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination, and stores memories related to skills and habits.

Brainstem

Consists mainly of the medulla and cerebellum.

Reticular Formation (RF)

Located inside the medulla and brainstem; associated with alertness, attention, and some reflexes (breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting).

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Part of the Reticular Formation that keeps it active and alert; acts as an alarm clock that activates and arouses the cerebral cortex.