NSC 252 Exam 2 Theory

Structure of nursing knowledge

(Most abstract (broad) to least abstract)

Metaparadigm

Philosophy

Conceptual Model

Theory

Empirical Indicator

Nursing Metaparadigm

Person

Nursing

Environment

Health

Nursing Metaparadigm- Person

The recipient o nursing care

Can include individuals, patients, groups, families, and communities

Nursing Metaparadigm- nursing

Practicing the science and art of nursing

The attributes and, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care

Ex. Their skill and knowledge

Nursing Metaparadigm- environment

Internal and external surrounds that affect the client

Where nursing takes place

Nursing Metaparadigm- health

The degree of wellness or wellbeing

Nightingale’s Philosophy

Relationship of nurse to patient should focus on restoring health by addressing the environment

Believed in clean air/water, sunlight, balanced diet, rest

Nurses role: prevent harm, primary nursing, pet therapy

Hendersons Philosophy

Florence nightingale of the 29th century

Nurses role: help patient meet the 14 basic needs

Help patient achieve greatest possible independence

Holistic Patient Care:physical, psychological, emotional, sociologic, spiritual and developmental

Watson’s Philosophy

Relationship between nurse and patient

Altruism

Health = harmony

Caring should be the basis of practice

Developer trusting relationship w patients

Main ideas of Watsons 10 Caritas

Kindness

Authentic presence

TRUST

listening

Dignity

Orem’s Self Care Model

Nurse identifies what limitations a patient has and then works with them to overcome

Help patient meet independence

Orem- Diagnostic Operation

Define patients baseline ability

Patient limitations are called self care deficits

Orem’s Prescriptive Operation

Patient and nurse brainstorm to identify ways to address self care deficits

Orem’s Regulatory operation

Nurse designs a plan for care

Roy’s adaptation model

Environment adaptation

The nurse modifies environment to promote patient adaptation

When demands exceed coping ability, negative impacts occur

Nurse recognizes and then helps patient adjust

Theory

Represent tentative, abstract ideas rather than concrete research supported facts

Clinical judgement

levels of theories

Grand theories (most abstract/broad)

Middle range theories

Practice level theories (most specific)- focus on specific outcomes

Purpose of theory

Describe a phenomenon, explain, predict, control

Leininger’s theory of culture care diversity

Avoid making assumptions

Transcultural nursing

Consider others values and beliefs

What are the best ways to provide care to my patient that are culturally congruent?

Provide theory based education

Strengthens the foundation of nursing science

Provide theory based practice

Nurses ground themselves in a nursing theory as they implement a systematic way of implementing the nursing process

Define and give examples…

Metaparadigm

Philosophy

Conceptual model

Theory

Leninger’s generic/ folk care

Culturally significant care

Leningers professional systems

How we all do healthcare practices

Leiningers Nursing Care

Culturally congruent care

Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations in nursing

Focus on relationship nurse and patient

Goals: patient survival, patient understanding problems to learn and develop new behavior patterns

Nurse and patient maintain a therapeutic relationship

Orlando’s nursing process theory

How nurses respond to patient behaviors

Deliberate action to provide patient specific care by observing, listening and confirming observations

Deescalation helps rationalize situation and build trust

How can I figure out what my patient needs through my interaction with them?

Nursing philosophies

Nightingale

Henderson

Watson

Conceptual model

Orem

Roy

Theories

Leninger

Peplau

Orlando