UNIT 2 LEC 7

Cell theory

All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all cells come from preexisting cells.

Prokaryotic cell

A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cell

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains DNA and controls cell activities.

Ribosomes

Structures that make proteins.

Cytoplasm

The material inside the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus in eukaryotes.

Plasma membrane

The selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plants and algae where photosynthesis occurs.

Cell wall

A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A membrane network involved in making and transporting molecules.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other molecules.

Lysosomes

Organelles that digest waste and cellular materials.

Vacuole

A compartment used for storage and other functions.