Congenital Heart Defects

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to congenital heart defects, their characteristics, effects, and relevant nursing considerations.

Foramen Ovale

An opening between the atria that allows blood flow from the right to the left atrium during fetal development.

Ductus Arteriosus

A fetal blood vessel that allows blood flow between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, shunting blood away from the pulmonary circulation.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A defect characterized by a 'hole' in the wall separating the atria, leading to oxygen-rich blood leaking into oxygen-poor chambers.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A condition where the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth, causing irregular blood transmission between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Coarctation of the Aorta

A narrowing of the aorta that restricts the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the lower body.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A defect in the ventricular septum, typically presenting as an acyanotic congenital heart defect without early signs of cyanosis.

Tetralogy of Fallot

A congenital heart defect consisting of four associated issues: ventricular septal defect, dextroposition of the aorta, narrowing of the pulmonary outflow channel, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Cardiac Murmurs

Abnormal heart sounds typically associated with congenital heart defects, caused by turbulent blood flow.

Pulmonary Hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the lungs due to fluid returning from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, commonly seen in PDA.

Tet Spell

A sudden episode of cyanosis, shortness of breath, and potential loss of consciousness experienced by infants with Tetralogy of Fallot.