Matter & Substances

What is matter?

Anything that has mass & takes up space, & measured with kg or g

What is volume?

How much space an object takes up

Pure Substances

Made up of only 1 kind of particle (ex: pure water, aluminum foil)

Has constant properties & the 2 categories of them are: elements & compounds

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

They only contain 1 kind of atom

Ex: oxygen, hydrogen, iron, etc

Compounds

Pure substances that are chemically combined with 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion

Ex: Water (H2O = 2 part hydrogen to 1 part oxygen

Salt (NaCl) = 1 part sodium to 1 part chlorine

Mixtures

Substances made by combining 2 or more types of particles or pure substances in a way that no chemical reaction happens

Ex: party mix, milk, cookies, kool-aid

Can be separated & has 2 categories: homogeneous & heterogenous

Homogenous

A mixture where 2 different substances are combined & mixed very well

No substance is visible, particles are spread out evenly, & are made up of solids, liquids, or gas

Ex: salt water, air, perfumes

Heterogenous

A mixture where different parts of the substance can be separated physically & are easily seen

2 main types are: mechanical mixtures & suspension mixtures

Mechanical mixtures

Mixture is very visible

Ex: pizza, chocolate chip cookies, salad

Suspension mixtures

Tiny particles hold together to make a cloudy texture

Ex: tomato juice