Quizlet Midterm Review by Bri W.

Vocabulary Words

“Common Sense”

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that argued for freedoms against the British and for the colonies to be independent. This was important because literature like this was not allowed at the time.

Stamp Act

British law and tax on printed materials which cause a lot of problems in the colonies.

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that was a spiritual awakening. It prioritized Science, logic and individualism over religions. John Locke was an important believer.

Townshend Acts

British law in the colonies that put a tax on glass, paper, paint, and tea. It created a group to collect taxes. People were not allowed to assemble and must feed and house soldiers. It also made the taxes help pay for the salaries of the royal governors. This made colonists very angry.

Boston Tea Party

An event in history where Sons of Liberty dressed up as Native Americans and threw the tea in the harbor. The colonists were angry over the Tea Tax.

Boston Massacre

An event on March 5, 1770. British solders were occupying Boston in large numbers and an angry mob formed. The mob threw rocks and snowballs and a solder was knocked down. A shot was fired and then multiple shots started happening. 5 people died that day, which was the first massacre to happen.

Federalism

A system of government that divides power between a central government and local governments. It is important because not one power has all the power.

Declaration of Independence

This is the document written by the Second Continental Congress, including Thomas Jefferson, that declared itself free from England after saying all if its grievances. It was adopted on July 4, 1776, our Independence Day!

Intolerable Acts

Laws made in 1774 to show the colonies that Britain is still in charge. The laws closed the Boston Harbor, restricted town meetings, permitted the Quartering Act, and more. This angered the colonists and the 1st Continental Congress met.

John Locke

An English philosopher who was known for his thinking during the Enlightenment era. He was the “father of liberalism”.

1st Great Awakening

A time of Religious Christian revivals that came to the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. It made people realize that you can have a connection with God.

Bill of Rights

This documented has the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. It was written by James Madison and ratified in 1791. It was supposed to limit federal power and give independent civil liberties.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalists supported the ratification of the Constitution and a strong central government. The Anti-federalists did not want the national government to take over civil liberties.

Articles of Confederation

This was the first written document of the United States that was made in 1777, and approved by the Continental Congress. It created a government structure and allowed each of the 13 states to operate like independent nations.

Separation of Church and State

This is the idea that government and religious institutions must remain separate. This was important because the King of England did not do this, so the colonists wanted this to happen.

Establishment Clause

This is the first part of the First Amendment to the Constitution that states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise of”. This is important because colonists wanted separation of church and state.

Free Exercise Clause

Section in the First Amendment of the Constitution that does not allow the government to make laws against what religion you want to practice. This is important because Britain made them all be the same religion.

Marbury v. Madison

A big decision by the Supreme Court in 1803 that established the principle of judicial review. This means courts can decide if laws violate the US Constitution. This is important because no law should go against the Constitution.

Judicial Review

This is the power of courts to examine legislative, executive, and judicial actions that violate the Constitution. The judges can cancel them if you do. This si important because it protects the Constitution.

Monroe Doctrine

US foreign policy said by President Monroe in December of 1823. It declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to future European colonization and foreign military intervention.

Differences in the economies of the North and South

Northern economy had industrial manufacturing, market system, and free wage labor. The North produced firearms, iron, and textile products. The North had a great railroad system that was built.

The South relied on slave labor, and later cheap labor. It was mostly farm lands, specifically cotton and Tabacco. After the Civil War, the economy in the South was ruined.

Causes of the Civil War

Causes include:

Slavery: the South wanted slavery and the North was against it. The South wanted it because they relied on slave labor for their farms.

Westward Movement: There was a fight to decide if new territory would be free or slave states. California was one of those territories.

The South wanted to leave the government

Dred Scott v. Sandford

a 1857 decision by the Supreme Court that did not give American citizenship to people of African decent and could not have the same rights upon American citizens. Dred Scot was a slave whose owner died and he thought he would be free. But his wife sued because she said he was property.

Gettysburg Address

a speech given by Abe Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War. He talked about how we still needed to fight for human rights and the survival of the democratic government. He recognized the Union leaders that died.

Emancipation Proclamation

an executive order from Abe Lincoln that said all slaves were free slaves. The Confederate states did not want this.

Andrew Johnson

He was the 7th president of the US. He signed the Indian Removal Act which led to the Trail of Tears. He wanted the Second Bank of the United States. He also paid off the national debt.

Frederick Douglass

An American abolitionsist who fought for the rights of slaves and African Americans. He was African American too. He wrote a book called Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas.

Jim Crow Laws

State laws that enforced racial segregation. Whites and Blacks were to be separated in schools, restaurants, parks, hospitals, etc. Even though people said it was separate but equal, it was not. Police backed these laws too.

Reconstruction plans (Lincoln, Republicans, Congressional plan)

Congressional plan: protection of civil rights which included the Us Army ruling the south. They wanted to restructure and punich the south. They wanted to protect everyone’s rights.

Lincoln: He wanted it to be easy for the South to come back. He said if 10 out of 100 people promised to end slavery, their state could return.

Republican or Andrew Jackson plan: states had to ratify the 13th ammendment, minimal federal intervention, and lots of pardons

13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

13th amendment made slavery illegal.

14th amendment gave birthright citizenship to African Americans, states could not take away rights of people, everyone gets life, liberty, property, and equal protection under the law

15th amendment gave all men the right to vote no matter what

Popular Sovereignty

political principle that a state and its government get their rights from the people