PSYCH 281: Cha. 7

Chapter Terms

Acute grief

Grief occurring in the initial period after loss. Includes feelings of longing, yearning, and sadness as well as anxiety, anger, or guilt. Characterized by intense preoccupation with thoughts about the person who died and difficulty concentrating on other matters.

Bipolar I disorder

Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.

Bipolar II disorder

Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).

Catalepsy

Motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in which body postures are waxy and can be “sculpted” to remain fixed for long periods.

Cognitive therapy

Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.

Cyclothymic disorder

Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.

Delusion

A psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania.

Double depression

Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of persistent dysthymic mood. Also called “Persistent depressive disorder with intermittent major depressive episodes.”

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.

Hallucinations

The psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present.

Hypomanic episode

Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.

Integrated grief

Grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss.

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes, in marital conflict or forming relationships in marriage or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.

Learned helplessness theory of depression

The theory according to which depression is the result of perceived or real absence of control over the outcome of an undesirable situation.

Maintenance treatment

Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy.

Major depressive disorder, single or recurrent episode

A mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least 2 months without depression, recurrent) major depressive episodes.

Major depressive episode

Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.

Mania

Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria, associated with some mood disorders.

Mixed features

Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode.

Mood disorders

Group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.

Mood

stabilizing drug

Neurohormones

The hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology.

Persistent depressive disorder

A mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Clinically significant emotional problems that can occur during the premenstrual phase of the reproductive cycle of a woman.

Psychological autopsy

Postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death.

Psychotic symptoms

The delusions and hallucinations that may appear during depressive or manic episodes.

Recurrent

Repeatedly occurring.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.

Suicidal attempts

Efforts made to kill oneself.

Suicidal ideation

Serious thoughts about committing suicide.

Suicidal plans

The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.