Comprehensive ANTH 260 Exam 1: Ethnography, Culture & Globalization (Week 4)

What is 'globalization' in the context of anthropology?

Globalization refers to the widening scale of cross-cultural interaction due to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas across nations.

What is 'cultural imperialism'?

Cultural imperialism is the promotion of one culture over others, leading to a uniform global culture.

Define 'hybridization' in cultural terms.

Hybridization is the ongoing mixing and fusion of cultures, preferred by anthropologists over the idea of cultural convergence.

What does 'localization' mean in the context of globalization?

Localization refers to the creation and assertion of specific, often place-based identities in response to global influences.

What is 'friction' in the context of globalization?

Friction describes the messy, awkward, and unequal interconnections between different people and institutions that can both enable and hinder global connections.

What is 'transnationalism'?

Transnationalism refers to relationships that extend beyond national borders without assuming equal connections among all parties.

What does 'world systems theory' explain?

World systems theory explains the global capitalist market as built on unequal exchanges between a core (winners) and a periphery (rest of the world).

What is the difference between 'Big D' and 'little d' development?

'Big D' refers to formal development projects (e.g., NGOs, World Bank), while 'little d' refers to the ongoing socio-economic changes and conflicts over access and control.

What critique did James Ferguson make regarding development projects?

Ferguson argued that development fails when it treats structural poverty and political disenfranchisement as technical problems rather than addressing their political, economic, and moral dimensions.

What are 'push-pull factors' in migration?

Push factors are conditions that drive people away from their home country, while pull factors are conditions that attract them to a new country.

What role do community networks play in the resettlement of refugees?

Community networks help refugees find jobs and provide social and financial support, including remittances back home.

What is the significance of 'secondary migration' among refugees?

Secondary migration occurs when refugees move again after initial resettlement, often following kin and established refugee networks.

What does 'multi-sited ethnography' involve?

Multi-sited ethnography involves following a thing, idea, or people across different locations to study their global ties.

How did sushi's global journey reflect cultural adaptation?

Sushi evolved from a tough sell abroad in the 1920s to a global emblem of the cosmopolitan consumer class by adapting to local tastes while maintaining Japanese identity.

What are the implications of 'McDonaldization'?

McDonaldization refers to the spread of efficiency, predictability, and control in cultural practices, often leading to cultural homogenization.

What is the 'tyranny of choice' in cultural contexts?

The 'tyranny of choice' refers to the overwhelming nature of having too many options, complicating decision-making and cultural integration.

What does the term 'applied anthropology' refer to?

Applied anthropology refers to the practical application of anthropological methods and insights to address real-world issues, often within institutions.

What does 'reflexivity' mean in anthropological research?

Reflexivity involves reflecting on one's own position and biases in relation to the research context and subjects.

What challenges are associated with participant observation?

Challenges include ethical considerations, cultural miscommunications, and the difficulty of living with the people being studied.

What is the role of anthropologists in asylum offices?

Anthropologists work in asylum offices to help navigate bureaucratic processes and support individuals seeking refuge.

What is the impact of globalization on cultural identity?

Globalization creates complex adaptations and multidirectional cultural flows, rather than simple cultural homogenization.

What demographic factor influenced the resettlement policy?

Education was more available to men, and the policy favored young single men.

Define 'culture of migration'.

Migration as an expected life stage that generates new meanings and identities.

What is the difference between a 'migrant' and an 'expat'?

Language reflects inequality in the context of migration.