Anode Materials - Quiz1

Ordered graphite - structural characteristics

Hexagonal in-plane layers with galleries

Disordered Carbon - structural characteristics

Randomly ordered graphene platelets

Silicon Alloys - structural characteristics

Forms rich atomic ratio alloy zones

Pure Li/anode-free - structural characteristics

Pure Li metal plated directly in-situ onto bare copper foil current collector

LTO - structural characteristics

Robust ceramic material with cubic spinel crystalline skeleton

Ordered graphite specific capacity

372 at full lithiation

Disordered carbon Specific Capacity (mAh/g)

186

Silicon Alloys Specific Capacity (mAh/g)

up to 3,000

Pure Li/anode-free Specific Capacity (mAh/g)

Thousands

Lithium Titanate Specific Capacity (mAh/g)

140

Advantages of Ordered Graphite

Low cost

Abundant 

Minimal volume expansion

Disadvantages of ordered graphite

irreversible capacity loss on Cycle 1 

Potential for Li-metal plating if pushed

Advantages of disordered Carbon

High rate capability (charge/discharge fast)

Can host Na ions

Disadvantages of disordered carbon

Poor mass efficiency 

Low energy density

Advantages of Silicon Alloys

Extreme energy density payoff potential

Disadvantages of Si alloys

Severe volume expansion

Chunks can spatter off 

Has to be manufactured at sub-100 nm scales

Advantages of Pure Li/Anode free

Maximizes architectural energy efficiency

Removes weight on inactive host frameworks

Disadvantages of Pure Li/anode-free

Dendrite tendril growth

Advantages of LTO

Virtually infinite lifecycle 

Stable, no risk of Li plating

Disadvantages of LTO

Cuts overall cell voltage 

Low energy density

Expensive to make