Routine Dental Procedures

recap of where teeth are

gap between the canines and the first premolar = diastema

what is wolf tooth

first premolar

may or may not be present

is upper arcade of cheek teeth wider or lower arcade

upper

hypsodont

-high crowned teeth

-constantly erupting (faster in younger)

what do we remove in rasping

less root as get older s need to remove the enamel

every 6mo

which teeth in rostral maxillary sinus

08/09

which teeth in caudal maxillary sinus

10/11

reserve tooth and root

-stored in bone/sinuses

-gradually erupts into mouth with age

eruption times for teeth

	Tooth	Erupts	Tooth	Erupts	Occluding
Incisors	D01	6 days	01	2.5y	3y
	D02	6 weeks	02	3.5y	4y
	D03	6 months	03	4.5y	5y
Canines			04	4-5y
Wolf teeth			05	6 – 18mo
Premolars	D06	First two weeks	06	2(.5)y	3y
	D07	First two weeks	07	3y	3.5y
	D08	First two weeks	08	4y	4.5y
Molars			09	1y	1.5y
			10	2y	2.5y
			11	3(.5)y	4y

if horse has all incisors, how old should it be

over 5 years

Buccal/lingual –

describes the cheek side- buccal

tongue side of the arcade or tooth- lingual

occlusal/apical

biting surface or tip of root of each tooth

Mesial/distal -

towards (M) or away (d) from the midline in a dental arch

anisognathia

discrepancy in width between maxillaand mandible

interdental

space between incisors and premolars in which canine and wolf teeth

where is infundibular present

only maxillary arcade

ageing based on teeth

-inaccurate

-eruption time most accurate

in shape of corner incisor wider than it is long

10 years or older

if shape of corner incisor square

10 years

if shape of corner icnisor longer than it is wide

10 years or older

what can be looked at other tham corner incisor to determine age of horse

-dental star

-infundibulum/mark disappearance

-gavaynes groove

-hook on corner incisor

-shape of occlusal surface goes from oval to triangular

dental exam history

-dental work history

-previous dental probs

-feeding habits

-biting/riding probs like head shaking

full clinical exam for dental

-BCS (worried about PPID and cushings)

-concurrent disease

-visual and manual exam of head

-asymmetry

-swellings

-halitosis

-nasal discharge (unilateral then most likely dental causing 2ary sinusitis)

selcting dental rasp

-sharp tungsten carbide blades

-open straight and closed angle → angle follows the shape of upper arcade

• open for upper 6s

• straight for 789

• closed for 10-11

• lower arcade = straight

-picks and probes

equipment for dental

-rasps

-bucket with antiseptic solution

-full mouth speculum

-lightsource

-mirror→ look at the occlusal surface

-restraint/headstand

what is objective of dental procedure

-reduce sharp enamel points

-reduce dominant/overgrown teeth

-extract wolf teeth

-radiographs

-advanced dental procedures

-sinus flushing/sinus flaps

why may sharp enamel points occur

-anisognathic anatomy

-continual eruption of teeth

-eruption rate exceeding wear (diet)

where do sharp enamel points usually occur on each arcade of teeth

maxillary

-buccal

mandibular

-lingual

overgrowths causes

-disparity in eruption vs attrition

-teeth in pairs so if one half of pair missing/damaged/displaced then other tooth dominant

-extra tooth

Prior extraction

Sepernummary

how to reduce overgrowth

-hand rasp or motorised equipment

-avoid pulp exposure

-water cooling important

if large overgrowth, what should be done

staged reduction with an interval of 3 months

large changes in horses mouth → more problems down the line

why would you not extract wolf teeth

if not interfering with bit and in normal position

when to remove wolf teeth

-alrge

-unerupted

-abnormally positioned

-lower

-fractured/loose

-one side only?

technique for wolf tooth extraction

-standing sedation

-local anaesthetic

-careful luxation to avoid root fracture

-remove with forceos

-tetanus status and NSAID

-do not suture gum

radiographs to assess what

reserve crown and apices

indications for tooth extraction

-dental fractures

-advanced infundibular caries

-apical infection and endodontic disease (soft tissue pulp)

-advanced peridontal disease

sinus procedures

-create a flap or trephinate

-indwelling catheter to flush sinuses

-treat the 2ndary sinusitits