Humanities unit 2

Second test of the year

Xenia

The guest/host code

Hubris

Excessive pride

Moira

Fate/destiny

Areté

A word with no direct English translation

Kleos

Reputation, wanting to be remembered for good reputation

Oikos

Home/family unit

Sophrosyne

Moderation/ self control guided by knowledge/ balance

Nostos

Coming home from extended absence

Timê

War prize, looted riches

Apollonian

The rational, balanced side of man (Apollo)

Dionysian

The irrational wild side of man (dionys)

Oath of Tyndareus

Oath that the suitors, who want to marry Helen, have to pledge to protect the marriage of Helen and the suitor her father chooses

Apple of discord

Golden apple that says “for the fairest”, made by Eris (goddess of strife/conflict) made b/c not invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Got revenge by causing conflict between Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena

Nemesis

Greek goddess, of anger of those who preform acts of hubris

Tapered columns

Narrow towards the top, found built by the Mioans

Hierarchy of perspective

Arranges elements in a painting by the rank of importances

Hierarchy of scale

Technique where artist draw things bigger or smaller based on importance

Bard

Poetry story teller

Lyre

Ancient Greece string instrument

Loom

Machine used to weave

Composite figures

Figures half animal half human or half animal half another

Labyrinth

Big, complicated maze

Invocation

the formal opening in a book where the author invoke(call upon) the reader

Burial shroud

A piece of woven fabric used to cover someone once they become deceased

Suitor

A man who try’s to win a women for marriage

Seafaring

Life style of living by the ocean and working on ships

Prophecy

A message about the future

Tantalize

Tease/ torment someone by keeping something out of reach that they desire

Ambrosia

Food of the gods

Nectar

Drink of the gods

Scapegoat

Innocent person being blamed for someone’s actions

Motif

Reoccurring symbol, description, image

Epithet

Meaningful stock word or phrase applied to a persons name consistently

Rhapsode

Poetry story teller

Stitcher

Person who sews

Strife

Conflict

Embellish

Give beauty

Oath

Formal promise

Alliteration

The repetition of the initial consonant

Assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds

Epic/homeric simile

Extended simile that starts with like or as and ends in so followed by an example

Odysseus

King of Ithaca, son of Laertes and Anticleia, married to Penelope, dad of Telemachus. Smart leader of Greek army. Gone fore 20 years

Penelope

Married to Odysseus, misses husband very much

Telemachus

Son of O and Penelope, looks for father

Anticleia

Mom to O, Married to Laertes, dies of missing O so much

Laertes

Father of O

Arete

Queen of phaecia, married to king Alcinous

Polyphemus

Son of Poseidon, cyclops that traps O and his men in a cave

Calypso

goddess/ nymph who lives on ogygia, kept O hostage wanted to marry O

Circe

Lives on Aeaea, magical powers, turn O men into pigs

Alcinous

King of Phaeacians, married to Queen Arete

Nausicaa

Phaeacian princess, daughter of Alcinous and Arete

Achilles

Greek warrior, week spot ankle

Agamemnon

King of Mycenae, killed by wife (Clytemnestra) and wife’s lover (Aegisthus)

Clytemnestra

Married to Agamemnon, kills him

Hermes

Messenger of the Gods

Athena

Olive branch = peace, wisdom, owl

Bronze Age

First, 2200-1200 BCE

Dark age

Second, 1200-750 BCE

Archaic period

Third- 750-450 BCE

Classical period

Fourth (last)- 450-350 BCE

Bronze Age Greece

Mycenaeans

Bronze Age Aegean

Minoans

Grave circle A

First grave circle found in the city of Mycenaeans

Citadel

Fortress city walled

Warrior culture

Good army, palace very secure, gate was hard to get into and easy to get attack while standing by it, could see invaders from miles away (palace on a hill)

Love of Minoans Art

Minoans came before Mycenaeans, inspired the art of Mycenaeans

Mycenaean

City in Ancient Greece, Agamemnon is the king

Shaft graves

Graves dug straight down in the ground, rich people buried with there jewelry

Post and lintel

Post- up and down, lintel- left to right, receiving triangle on top to relieve weight from lintel

Lions gate

Gate of the city of Mycenaeans

Heinrich Schliemann

Rich German, made money from stock, loves Homeric storys- wanted them to be true, exovates Troy and Mycenaean

Crete

Used to be Minoans, island in Greece

Cretan

Someone who is from Crete

cretan

Someone who is monster like, creepy and scary

Minos

King of Minoan

Minoan

Bronze Age civ. Located modern day Crete

Bronze Age

Setting of the Odyssey, Mycenaeans and Minoans take place, 2200-1200 BCE

The labyrinth

King Minos hands a Minotaur hidden in his labyrinth

Frescoes

Mural painting technique, lots found in Minoans.