Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1

UV visible spectroscopy, Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry.

Plancks Law

$$waveleng\operatorname{th}=\frac{velocity}{frequency}$$

UV Bands

3 bands:

UVC (200-280nm),

UVB (280-320nm),

UVA (320-395nm).

Visible Range

395nm -750nm

chromospheres

Organic compounds w/ unsaturated bonds, conjugated/delocalised electrons

coloured compounds reflect v.l. that arent absorbed. Colourless compounds reflect all v.l. and absorb uv wavelengths.

which solvents are too short for uv?

ethanonitrile

water

quartz

which solvents are in UV range?

chloroform, cyclohexane, 95% ethanol, hexane, methanol, glass

V I B G Y O R

violet= shortest wavelength, highest energy

Red= longest wavelength, lowest energy

Beer’s Lambert Law equation

A = εlc

Beer's Law definition

explains the relationship between absorbance, at a given wavelength and concentration

Single Wavelength Colorimeter

double beam UV- visible spectrophotometer

Rf

distance travelled by compound/ distance travelled by eluent front

column chromatography

what type of data is: The area under the peak is directly proportional to each emerging component

Quantitative data

what type of data is: retention time indicates the type of compound?

Qualitative data

what is an internal standard?

a known substance that can be added to the analyte to allow for comparisons to find unkown compounds.

HPLC info

• reverse phase columns

• non-polar stationary phase

• w/ chemically modified silica

Mobile phase for HPLC most polar to least.

1. water

2. methanol

3. acetonitrile

HPLC components

• solvent (mobile phase)

• Injection valve

• detector

mass spectrometry basics

• fragmentation

• magnetic field

• 
  

Single focusing electron impact

Quadruple Mass spectrometer