Protein Regulation and Mutations Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering cellular regulation, protein functions, gene mutations, drug resistance in Plasmodium, and transcription/translation key terms from the lecture.

APOA1 gene

A gene where a rare mutation produces a cholesterol-removing protein that becomes more efficient at removing cholesterol.

CFTR

A protein that helps maintain the balance of salt and water; when faulty, this balance is disrupted.

Cystic fibrosis

A condition characterized by a heavy intake of mucus in the lungs, making it harder for people to breathe.

Neutral mutation

A single base change that still codes for the same outcome, being neither harmful nor beneficial.

Positive mutation

A gene mutation that aids cell fitness or survival, such as increasing protein efficiency.

Negative mutation

A mutation that yields non-beneficial or harmful outcomes, such as producing a faulty regulatory protein.

Plasmodium

A tiny parasite that lives in Anapolese mosquitoes and causes malaria, capable of mutating to gain drug resistance.

Anapolese mosquitoes

Mosquitoes that carry the plasmodium parasite responsible for causing malaria.

Antifluidant

A drug intended to inhibit the synthesis of an enzyme required for viral and bacterial replication.

Fifty nine fifty one shift

A genetic shift from 59 to 51 in plasmodium that results in a fully drug-resistant parasite.

Terminator sequence

A sequence encountered during transcription that signals the end of the initial synthesis process.

Poly a tail

A modification added to the mRNA strand before it exits the nucleus to locate ribosomes.

Start codon

A specific sequence on the mRNA strand where translation and reading initiate.

Stop codon

A sequence on the mRNA strand that indicates a full stop to translation.

Anticodon

A matching sequence on tRNA that pairs with the mRNA codon during protein chain assembly.