Archaic & Classical: Exam 2

6th century BCE (600-500)

archaic period; athens becomes more powerful and wealthy as shown by artwork like pottery (black figure)

corinthia, lokonia, attika

regions of archaic

corinth, sparta, athens

poleis of archaic

Black-figure Amphora, Amasis painter, mid-archaic, Athens, Dionysos and Maenads/Poseidon and Athena, wine container

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?) (left→right), use (look at shape!)

• “____ made me” - signature!

• minimization of geometric filler, moving on to other decoration

Black-figure neck amphora, Exekias, mid-archaic, Athens, Ajax and Achilles/Kastor and Polydeuces (dioskouroi), wine container

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!)

• one side: playing a dice game, quiet moment of leisure (possibly before war), anticipatory moment

• horses, men, children, warrior departure

• ____ made it

Black-figure neck amphora, Exekias, mid-archaic, Athens, Suicide of Ajax, wine container

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!)

• After achilles is killed, two warriors step up to claim armor (also odysseus)

• Odysseus good a debating, so he won, made the depiction a thing

• single figure, objects create the story: sword, palm tree = Troy

• Because sword is in the soil, it is like the land of Troy is killing him.

kylix (pl. kylikes)

upgraded skyphos, high stem, two handles

Black figure kylix, Exekias, mid-archaic, Athens, Dionysos sailing, symposium drinking vessel

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!)

• used like skyphos, (elite male drinking party!), this one particularly big, obviously meant as symbol

• story: turned a bunch of sailors into dolphins, and boat into a grapevine

• outside looks like face

Vix krater, Lakonian manufacturer, mid archaic, france colony, funeral procession w/ gorgon, grave marker, bronze

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• if you have one of these, you have made it

• euergetism

Running girl, Lakonian manufacturer, mid-archaic, found in Dodona, anathemata,

• Title, artist, time-period, location, use (look at shape!)

• short dress, long hair, legs apart indicating running

• Girls are educated in spartan citizen class

• muscular legs, braids, very frontal and rigid

Dodona

refer to with Running girl

New York kouros, early-archaic, from Attika, young boy, funerary anathemata, Naxian marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• over lifesize, idealized, picture of male perfection

Naxos

refer to with New York kouros

Dipylon Head, early-archaic, Keramekos (Athens), kouros

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right)

• similar to NY kouros

• over exaggerated eyes, sharply cut, prominent chin

• likely took inspiration from ancient egypt

Sounion kouros, early-archaic, from Attika, young man, anathema, Naxian marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• found in sanctuary of poseidon

• huge, 10 ft tall!

• archaic for sure, rigid, big eyes, disproportionate, fists clenched

• polychromy!

• abstract musculature

Anavyssos kroisos, mid-archaic, from Phoinika (Attika), kouros, grave marker, parian marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• cycladic marble (be specific in answer)

• exported material

• ARCHAIC SMILE!!!, shares emotion! looks more free— is disconnected in some areas like the arms are not connected to the sides of his torso

Apollonas Colossus, 6th ce, Naxos, mountain

• Title, time-period, location, material

• bearded, wearing clothes, using kouros forms, one hand is up

• unfinished, as it broke off of a mountain

• 35 ft. tall!!!

Moschophoros, Rhonbos, mid-archaic, Athenian Acropolis, calf-bearer, anathema, hymettian marble

• Title, dedicator, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• to Athena

• attic marble

• bearded, kouros-like, not fully nude, wearing cloak/robe

• man and animal composition, unified

• calf’s face right next to figure

Rampin Rider, mid-archaic, Athenian akropolis, guy riding horse, anathema, marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• lil guy (3’6)

• riding a horse, hair is complex (the top, mostly), bearded

• head turned a little to the side: more detail forming

Nikandre kore (Artemis?), mid-7th, Delos, young woman, anathema, Naxian marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• inscription says nikandre, could be for artemis

• over life-size

• refer to with Auxerre kore, differences?

• Cyclades

Pomegranate kore, mid-archaic, akropolis, athena, anathema, pentelic marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• protector of young girls, a lot of kore of the akropolis

• holding a pomegranate=fertility, life death, (persephone)

• polychromy still visible

Peplos kore, mid-archaic, akropolis, maybe artemis, anathema, Parian marble

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• eyes are a little smaller, hair draping around breast, more realistic

• wearing a peplos

• polychromy, jewelry, peplos had a busy pattern

Phrasikleia, Ariston of Paros, mid-archaic, Myrrhinous, fancy youthful woman, funerary marker, Parian marble

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• youthful ideal of perfection

• flower bud, pomegranates: representation of youth

• shoes are seen! very elaborate

• not quite a kore, but very kore-like

Pireaus Apollo, late archaic, Delos, apollo, temple, bronze

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• looking down: taking account of presence, worship

• arms outstretched, reaching out

• opposite foot, sense of weight (right foot forward instead of left)

• emphasis on volume, curve on lower back

Temple of Apollo, 630, Thermon, worship, doric

• Name, time-period, location, use, order

• description: hexastyle peripteral in antis with a pronaos, naos, and opisthotomos

• hekatompedon: huge building

• temple dedicated to apollo

peripteral (adj.)

when columns are around entirety of outside

prostyle

columns only of front of temple

amphiprostyle

columns on front and back of building

in antis

when columns are aligned with projecting wall (distyle)

distyle

two columns (_____ in antis)

adyton

extra back room in temple architecture

doric order

• less stylized, curvature,

• note metopes and triglyphs

• metopes sometimes relief sculpture or ‘in the round’

ionic order

swirling volutes, frieze continuous

stylobate

last step to get to temple, columns rest on it

Temple of Artemis, early-archaic, Corcyra, worship, doric

• Name, time-period, location, use, order

• octostyle peripteral temple with a pronaos and opisthotomos distyle in antis and naos with a double internal collonade

• pediment sculpture: Running gorgon medusa turns away evil as you walk into the temple

Naxian Sphinx, mid-archaic, Delphi, around temple w/ column

• Title, time-period, location, use (look at shape!)

• please note this sculpture was placed on top of a very tall column

Heraion, Rhoikos and Theodoros, mid-archaic, Samos, worship, ionic

• Name, architects (2), time-period, location, use, order

• octastyle deripteral ionic temple with a pronaos and cella (naos) witha. double internal collonade

13

if a temple is hexastyle, how many columns are on the long side (most of the time)

Temple of Artemis, Theodoros, Kersiphron, Metagenes, Ephesos, mid-archaic worship, ionic

• Name, architects (3), time-period, location, use, order

• humongous, size of football field

• octastyle deripteral with a deep pronaos w double internal collonade

• highly deocarted, tall, vibrantly painted, put on ancient coinnage

5th ce. (500-400)

classical period

Man consulting the Pythia, Codrus Painter, high-classical, Delphi, pythia, kylix tondo

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!)

• _____= priestess who hears apollo and answers questions for him

• _____= inside of kylix

• seated on tripod cauldron, laurel, dish, individual asking her something

• 
  

amphictiony

poli that are in charge, set rules, outside council looking over

Mt. Parnassos

small polis in Delphi; held panhellenic sanctuary to apollo (god of poetry and music)

• held ‘pythian games’ - like olympic, but for music and poetry etc.

• also had sanctuary of athena

• a lot of hiking to get to the top, on the way there were several other dedications

• temenos wall+ tells us when we are in sacred space

4 Siphnian Treasury, 525, Mt. Parnassos (Delphi), caryatid columns, ionic

• Title, year, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), order

• 100% marble, gold and silver - RICHHHH

• Siphnos is in the cyclades

Temple of Apollo, 6th ce, Delphi, worship

• Title, time-period, location, use (look at shape!)

• 3 phases, earthquakes destroyed it

• hexastyle deripteral temple w distyle in anti s pronaos and opisthotomos, a naos, and an adyton

Fragments of chryselephantine cult statues, 6th ce before 548, Delphi

• Title, time period, location

• fire debris: threw it into a big trash pit

• skin of statue made of ivory, gold throughout decoration

  • still giving kore, following same patterns to depict humans

• use of ivory as skin, from african elephant tusk

Kritios Boy, Kritios, early-classical (480-460), akropolis, anathema

• Title, possible artist, time-period, location, use (look at shape!)

• represents change, new hair (fillet), less frontal, right leg forward

• contrapposto→balance of parts of the body, weight bearing leg

Euthydikos Kore, Euthydikos, early classical, akropolis, dedication, marble

• Title, dedicator, time-period, location, use (look at shape!), material

• movement shown in work

• drapery, fabric texture

• late archaic style—> SEVERE STYLE

Delphi charioteer, 475 (classical), Delphi, charioteer, dedication piece, bronze

• Title, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), material

• it isn’t in it’s chariot anymore, dedication piece for pythian games

• wearing clothing with long vertical flutes which draw your attention up (drapery), clothing physics

• actual winner is the guy who owns the horses

Bilingual amphora, Andokides and Lysippides, late-archaic, symposium, liquid container bilingual figure

• Title, artist, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• man on couch in symposium, athena to the side, red figure

• red figure lets you add more detail

Euphronios Sarpedon krater, pioneer group, found in etruria, late-archaic, zeus and sarpedon, symposium mixing bowl, red figure

• Title, artist, location, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• sarpedon is injured, zeus sends messengers sleep and death to bring back to mother at home, guided by hermes and two soldiers

• V shape in vase leads eyes to sarpedon

• added paint adds more detail (red for blood)

paestum

founded by sybaris, second tier greek colony (apoikia)

Tomb of the Diver, Poseidonia, early classical, diver, cyst grave

• Title, location, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!)

• greek characteristics, unusualness comes from lid

  • diver in a big open space

  • one figure, jumps into unknown—depth

    • brings us into next plane

• symposium inside the tombs: kylikes, krater

  • playing a drinking game, flicking dregs (kottabos)

Temple of Hera I (The Basilica), Poseidonia, mid-archaic, Hera, worship, doric

• Title, location, time-period, dedication to, use (look at shape!), order

• unusual plan, Hera II is more standard

Motya youth, motya, early classical, charioteer or dancer, Parian marble

• Title, location, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), material

• found in 2nd tier colony on the edge of sicily

• athlete maybe

• drapery accentuates movement of body

• looking at hair, something was previously on his head

• contrapposto

• early classical=severe style

Persian war

Athens won a lot, after these wars there was much greek unity

Berlin painter amphora, early classical, lyre player and coach, wine container, red figure

• Title (w/ artist), time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• famous painter

• solid black background, average person playing an instrument and singing!

Berlin Painter amphora, early-classical, hermes and satyr, wine container, red figure

• Title (w/ artist), time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• more complex, but still singular, different figures (deer!)

  • standing ‘on top’ of each other, showing pictorial depth

  • caught up in own world

Calyx krater, Niobid painter, high classical, deities in battle, symposium mixing bowl, red figure

• Title, artist, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• at this point, everyone is doing this specific style

• some figures seem to be floating→meant to be standing on different ground lines

• Athen and Herakles in the middle= can tell because of the lion skin and club

• historical event depiction rather than mythological

Kylix with white ground tondo, early classical, maenad, drinking vessel, white ground

• Title, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• this art style is slipped before fired, no incision

• figures have special relation with wile animals

• more time to add different colors and slips

• rare for this style to be in this type of pottery

Lekythos, Achilles painter, 440, indoor warrior departure, oil container, white ground

• Title, artist, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• libations of oil containers are found in graves, cemeteries→being found in the ground helps preservation

• inside scene, objects are found hanging on wall, also ordinary people

Lekythos, Achilles painter, 440, woman with lyre and one standing, grave marker/oil container, white ground

• Title, artist, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), use (look at shape!), art style

• added color and drapery

• quiet and introspective scene - severe style

• the object is more of a symbol

Temple of Aphaia, early classical, Aegina, worship, doric

• Title, time-period, location, use (look at shape!), order

• hexastyle peripteral temple w/ distyle in antis pronaos, opisthotomos, and cella, with a double internal collonade

• ramp=accessibility

• Pediment is a battle scene from trojan war

• archaic with the smile, but breaking frontality, polychromy

Artemision Zeus, early classical, Zeus, bronze

• Title, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), material

• bronze makes it easier to add more detail and not need any extra support

• showcases actions, movement, torsion

• was found in shipwreck

• adult male, long hair, braided; was most likely holding a lightning bolt

The Riace Warriors: Riace A, 460, for etrurians, bronze

• Title, time-period, use, material

• diver saw a hand and thought it was a body lol

• detailed face, curly bear, eyes, different metals used for different polychromy, inlays.. added patina for hair to be different color

The Riace Warriors: Riace B, high-classical, for etrurians, bronze

• Title, time-period, use, material

• shows different characteristics from Riace A, individuality

Doryphoros, high classical. Polykleitos, spear-bearer

• Title, artist, time-period, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right)

• famous figure to sculpt, but no greek examples exist today— what you see now are roman copies

• this image is a reconstruction.

• chiasmus (X), included in new canon of proportions (7:1)

Temple of Zeus, Libon of Elis, early classical, Olympia, worship, doric, local limestone

• Name, architect, time-period, location, use, order, material

• _____ counterpart to Delphi

• temple kept falling due to earthquakes etc. but the kept reconstructing it in the same place: connection to altar

• largest temple on greek mainland

• wasn’t typical material, used stucco to make it more even and look like marble

• pediment story of how olympia came to be

• metopes include labors of herakles

Seer

note torsion and age

centuaromachy

humans vs. centaurs

Cult Statue of Zeus, Pheidias, mid 5th, olympia, zeus and nike, chryselephantine

• Title, artist, time-period, location, depiction (who is in it?)(left→right), method

• 1 of 7 wonders of ancient world