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途中
とちゅう
on the way, en route
空気
くうき
atmosphere, mood
薄い
うすい
thin, pale, diluted/weak taste
険しい
けわしい
rugged, grim
貸して
かして
to lend
元の
もとの
the origin, beginning
命令
めいれい
command
指示
しじ
direction
助言
じょげん
advice
就職
しゅうしょく
to find employment
伸びる
のびる
to stretch out, extend
骨
ほね
bone
圏外
けんがい
out of range (network, radar etc..)
電波
でんぱ
radiowave, reception
不景気
ふけいき
economic depression
うわさ
gossip, rumour
局
きょく
department, bureau
意外
いがい
unexpected, surprising
性能
せいのう
ability, performance
まじめ
serious, honest
。。。始めた
state beginning of something that takes time
。。。終わる
state the end of something
ように言われた
tell a command/prohibition/direction/advice
V-る・ない+ようになる
〜とうい
Plain form + という+N
〜だろう
tell something you think may be true, but you’re not completely sure
Plain + だろうと思う
ないそうだ
guess something is not or think so based on feeling or observation
い-adj - く
な-adj/N ーじゃ + なそうだ
重力
じゅうりょく
gravity
惹かれる
ひかれる
to be charmed by, attracted to
認める
みとめる
to recognise, judge, approve
距離
きょり
distance, range
直感
ちょっかん
intuition, instinct
快感
かいかん
pleasant feeling
遂げる
とげる
to accomplish, achieve
確信
かくしん
conviction
首ー>首相
しゅ・くび
(しゅしょう)prime minister
制
せい
system, law
丸
まる
→ 丸める to make round
治→ 治る・治安
ち・おさ (reign/cure/heal)
(おさまる)・(ちあん)
→ to be at peace, public order
務→ 政務・務める
む・つと (task/duties)
→ (せいむ)・(つとめる)
→ government affairs, to be qualified
指→ 指す・指
し・ゆび
→ (さす)・(ゆび)
→ to point/nominate, finger
権
けん (authority, power)
→ 権利(けんり)right, privilege
支 → 支払う・支える
し・ささ (branch/support)
→ (しはらう)・ささえる)
→ to pay, to support/prop
原→原っぱ・原因
げん・はら
→ (はらっぱ)・げんいん)
→open field/ cause or origin
辛い
つらい
painful, tough, cruel
悔しい
くやしい
frustrated, annoyed
双子
ふたご
twins
身分証明書
みぶんしょうめいしょ
identification papers
棚
たな
shelf
〜と
v〜る+と
notice something you had not been aware of until that time
used to express surprise
〜ほど
1. Showing Extent or Degree ("To the extent that..." / "So much that...")
When attached to the end of a clause or verb, hodo describes the degree or extreme consequence of a situation.
Structure: [Plain Verb / Adjective] + ほど
Example:
泣きたいほど嬉しかった。
(Nakitai hodo ureshikatta.)
"I was happy to the extent that I wanted to cry." (or "I was so happy I could cry.")
2. Making Comparisons ("As much as..." or "Not as much as...")
Hodo is heavily used to compare two things. It usually pairs with 一番 (ichiban - the most) or appears in negative sentences meaning "not as much as...".
Structure: [Noun] + ほど + [Positive/Negative phrase]
Example (Negative - "Not as much as"):
私は兄ほど勉強しない。
(Watashi wa ani hodo benkyō shinai.)
"I don't study as much as my older brother."
3. Approximations ("About" or "Roughly")
When attached to quantities, amounts, or time units, hodo functions similarly to gurai (くらい), meaning "about" or "approximately."
Structure: [Number + Counter] + ほど
Example:
ここから駅まで30分ほどかかります。
(Koko kara eki made sanjppun hodo kakarimasu.)
"It takes about 30 minutes from here to the station."
ていく
action will continue on into future, subject of sentence travels a long distance
てくる
action/change from past continuing into present, something goes closer
続ける
vーます+続ける
action going on continously, emphasize repetition of habit/custom
なら
v〜る(の)・N + なら
an -if clause to set limits and to provide advice or make a suggestion
use for hypotheticals, topics or advice
if you’re talking about doing that, then here is what you should do
共ー>共感・共に
きょう・とも
(きょうかん)- sympathy/empathy
(ともに) - sharing with/participate
得 → 所得・ 心得
とく・え
しょとく - income/earnings
(こころえ)- knowledge/information
資 →資源
しげん
resources
告ー> 警告・告げる
こく・つ
けいこく・つげる
warning/advice & to inform
認 → 認識・認める
にん・みと・した
にんしき・みとめる
recognition/awareness & to recognize/judge
件→事件・件
けん・くだん
じけん・くだん
event/incident & the aforementioned
側ー> 側面・両側
そく・がわ
そくめん・りょうがわ
side/profile & both sides
任→責任・任せる
にん・まか
せきにん・まかせる
duty/responsibility & to entrust to another
ひも
string,leash
玄関
げんかん
entrance, front door
全速力
ぜんそくりょく
full speed
花粉症
かふんしょう
hay fever
研修
けんしゅう
training, induction course
上司
じょうし
one’s superiors
原稿
げんこう
manuscript, copy
成績
せいせき
grades
短気
たんき
short temper
俳優
はいゆう
actor
って
N1 + って+ N2
use it in place of ~という to give a name
~させてもらう・くれる
Group 1 verbs: 飲む→飲まさる(うー>あ)
Group 2: 食べるー>食べさせる
Group 3: する→ させる
obtain permission from another person to do something
express gratitude for receiving permission
〜させられる
Group 1 verbs: 飲ませう→飲まされる・飲ませられる
Group 2: 食べさせるー>食べさせられる
Group 3: させる→ させられる
another person tells you to do something that you don’t want to do, but you have to do it anyway
〜がいる
い-adj - no more い
V-ますーV た
when a person’s feelings expressed by his/her manner or speech
たとたん
the moment that…, as soon as…,
2nd clause usually physical reaction, sudden change or unexpected outcome
出す
V-ます= V-出す
when something happens or starts suddenly
求→求人・求める
きゅう・もと
きゅうじん・もとめる - recuriting/to want/wish for
request, want, demand
官ー>官庁・警官
かん
かんちょう・けいかん - govt office/police officer
bureaucrat, the government
投ー> 投票・投げる
とう・な
とうひょう・なげる - voting/ballot, to throw
throw/discard
付ー>近付く・交付
ふ・つ
ちかずく・こうふ - to approach/delivering
adhere/attach
仲→仲断・仲間
ちゅう・なか
ちゅうだん・なかま - interruption, company/colleague
go-between, relationship
位→学位
くらい・い
がくい - university (degree)
rank/grade
倉→倉に
くら・そう
そうに - storehouse
warehouse/celler
喜び
よろこび
joy/delight
営業
えいぎょう
business
整理
せいり
arrangement/settlement
片思い
かたおもい
unrequited love
断れる
ことわれる
to refuse/inform/ask leave
刺される
さされる
to pierce/sting
誤解
ごかい
misunderstanding
無視
むし
disregarding/ignoring
たいてい
usually/mostly
〜ようとする・ようとしない
doing your best to do something or want to start doing it
criticism towards someone for not doing something
〜ことがある
V-る・ない + ことがある・こともある
you sometimes or occasionally do something - have the experience of doing something
〜させておく
Use 〜させておく (-sasete oku) when you want to emphasize making/letting someone do something ahead of time for preparation, or deliberately leaving them to do it.
〜られてしまう
an action by another person inconveniences you or is unfortunate
亭 ー 停止・停滞
ていし・ていたい
warehouse/celler
億
おく
hundred million