Parasitology Lab. Parasitic Protozoans

Parasitology Laboratory Exam 3 Flashcards. Parasitic Protozoans - Life Cycles, Anatomy, Diagnostic Stage, Infective Stage, Microscope Imaging

Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle

cysts and trophozoites in stool

cyst is ingested

excystation in SI → release trophozoite

trophozoites move to large intestine

divide by binary fission

trophozoites → cyst formation

cyst excreted through stool

Balantidium coli Life Cycle

cysts and trophozoites in stool

cysts in contaminated food and water

cyst is ingested

excystation in SI → release trophozoite

trophozoites move to large intestine

divide by binary fission

trophozoites → cyst formation

cyst excreted through stool

Chilomastix mesnili Life Cycle

cysts and trophozoites in stool

cysts in contaminated food and water

cyst is ingested

excystation in SI → release trophozoite

trophozoites move to large intestine

divide by binary fission

trophozoites → cyst formation

cyst excreted through stool

Giardia lamblia Life Cycle

cysts and trophozoites in stool

cysts in contaminated food and water

cyst is ingested

excystation in SI → release trophozoite

trophozoites move to large intestine

divide by binary fission

trophozoites → cyst formation

cyst excreted through stool

Trichomonas vaginalis Life Cycle

trophozoites in stool/urine (no cyst stage)

trophozoite die in external environment

trophozoites in contaminated food and water

trophozoite is ingested

divide by binary fission

trophozoites excreted through stool

Dientamoeba fragilis Life Cycle

trophozoites in stool

fecal-oral transmission

trophozoite is ingested

trophozoites move to large intestine

divide by binary fission

trophozoites excreted through stool

Trypanosoma brucei Life Cycle

tsetse fly takes 1st blood meal

injects metacyclic trypomastigotes

metacyclic → bloodstream trypomastigotes

multiply by binary fission in bodily fluids

bloodstream trypomastigotes circulate in bodily fluids

tsetse fly takes 2nd blood meal

ingests bloodstream trypomastigotes

bloodstream → procyclic trypomastigotes in midgut

procyclic trypomastigotes multiply by binary fission

procyclic trypomastigotes → epimastigotes

epimastigoes in salivary gland → metacyclic trypomastigotes

Trypanosoma cruzi Life Cycle

triatomine bug takes 1st blood meal

metacyclic trypomastigotes penetrate cells

trypomastigotes → amastigotes inside cell

amastigotes go through binary fission

turn into bloodstream trypomastigotes

bloodstream trypomastigotes burst out of cell

bloodstream trypomastigotes in blood

triatomine bug takes 2nd blood meal

ingests bloodstream trypomastigotes

epimastigotes in midgut

multiply by binary fission

metacyclic trypomastigotes in hindgut

Leishmania donovani Life Cycle

sandfly takes 1st blood meal

injects promastigotes

promastigotes are phagocytized by macrophages

promastigotes → amastigotes in macrophages

amastigotes multiply in cells of various tissues by binary fission

sandfly takes 2nd blood meal

ingests macrophages infected with amastigotes

amastigotes → promastigotes in midgut

divide in midgut by binary fission

migrate to proboscis/salivary glands

Plasmodium spp. Life Cycle

mosquito takes 1st blood meal

injects sporozoites

sporozoites in blood → liver cell

infected liver cell → schizont

schizont ruptures → merozoites in circulation

trophozoite in RBC

immature stage (ring stage) in RBC

trophozoite → gametocyte

mosquito takes 2nd blood meal

ingests gametocytes

micro gametocyte enters macrogametocyte → zygote

ookinete → oocyst

oocyst ruptures → release sporozoites

sporozoites in salivary glands

Entamoeba histolytica Symptoms

amebiasis, extra-intestinal amebiasis, stomach pain

Balantidium coli Symptoms

diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal lesions

Chilomastix mesnili Symptoms

diarrhea, loose stool

Giardia lamblia Symptoms

protracted diarrhea

Trichomonas vaginalis Symptoms

painful discharge in females, prostatitis in males

Dientamoeba fragilis Symptoms

diarrhea, excess gas, bloating, abdominal pain

Trypanosoma brucei Symptoms

African Sleeping Sickness, swollen lymph nodes

Trypanosoma cruzi Symptoms

eye swelling, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

Leishmania donovani Symptoms

visceral leishmaniasis, immune-suppression

Plasmodium spp. Symptoms

chill and fever for 48 hours

Chilomastix mesnili Anatomy

3 flagella

nucleus

cytostomal fibril

cytostomal cleft

Giardia lamblia Anatomy

4 tails of flagella

2 nucleus - connected by kinetosome

median body

axostyle

Trichomonas vaginalis Anatomy

5 flagella

kinetosome

1 nucleus

axostyle

What parasite is shown in the picture?

Giardia lamblia

What parasite is shown in the picture?

Chilomastix mesnili

What parasite is shown in the picture?

Trichomonas vaginalis

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Balantidium coli

kidney-shaped structure

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Giardia lamblia

leaf-like structure, two “eyes“ (nuclei)

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Trichomonas vaginalis

5 flagella

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Dientamoeba fragilis

oval-shapes, 2 stained nuclei

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Trypanosoma brucei

looks like a rod - thin and long

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Trypanosoma cruzi

c-shaped structure

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Leishmania donovani

amastigotes inside macrophages

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Entamoeba histolytica

4 nuclei

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Entamoeba coli

8 nuclei

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Endolimax (Entamoeba) nana

4 nuclei, darkly stained

What parasite species is this and how do we know?

Iodamoeba butschlii

1 dark stain (glycogen vacuole), stains with iodine solution (dark brown)

What is the intermediate host for Trypanosoma brucei?

tsetse fly

What is the intermediate host for Trypanosoma cruzi?

triatomine bug/kissing bug

What is the intermediate host for Leishmania donovani?

sandfly

What is the definitive host for Plasmodium spp.?

anopheles mosquito - only females

Parasites infective in cyst stage

entamoeba histolytica, balantidium coli, chilomastix mesnili, giardia lamblia

Parasites infective in trophozoite stage

trichomonas vaginalis, dientamoeba fragilis

Parasites infective in metacyclic trypomastigote stage

trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma brucei

Parasites infective in promastigote stage

leishmania donovani

Parasites infective in sporozoite stage

plasmodium spp. (vivax, ovale, falciparum, malariae)

The mode of maturation for all protozoan parasites is…..

binary fission

What is the diagnostic for Entamoeba histolytica?

cyst and trophozoites in stool

What is the diagnostic for Balantidium coli?

cyst and trophozoites in stool

What is the diagnostic for Chilomastix mesnili?

cysts in stool

What is the diagnostic for Giardia lamblia?

cysts in stool

What is the diagnostic for Trichomonas vaginalis?

trophozoites in stool

What is the diagnostic for Dientamoeba fragilis?

trophozoites in stool

What is the diagnostic for Trypanosoma cruzi?

bloodstream trypomastigotes in blood

What is the diagnostic for Trypanosoma brucei?

bloodstream trypomastigotes in blood

What is the diagnostic for Leishmania donovani?

amastigotes in blood and tissue

What is the diagnostic for Plasmodium spp?

schizont or merozoites in blood