Muscle and Nerves

skeletal muscle nuclei

skeletal muscle cell/myocyte

skeletal muscle fascicle

skeletal muscle permysium

cardiac muscle nuclei

cardiac muscle intercalated discs

cardiac muscle fibroblast nuclei

smooth muscle nuclei

spinal cord grey matter inside, white matter outside

perineurium

axons

schwann cell nuclei

nerve cell body of multipolar neuron

projection off nerve cell body of multipolar neuron

fascicles of myelinated neurons

perineurium

epineurium

endoneurium

axons surrounded in myelin sheath

unmyelinated nerve fascicles

What are the connective tissue coverings for muscle?

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

Describe the nuclei in skeletal muscle cells

multiple, up to 40 on cell periphery, may be doing different things at a given time except dividing

What are satellite cells?

involved in muscle cell repair and regeneration, outside sarcolemma

What is a motor unit?

1 motor neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates, small motor units are for fine control, large motor units are for large powerful muscles

What are T tubules?

indentations of the sarcolemma

What is a triad?

T tubule surrounded on both sides by sarcoplasmic reticulum, in skeletal muscle

A band, does not change size with contraction

Z line

I band, shrinks with contractions

H zone, shrinks with contractions

M line

What muscle types are striated?

skeletal, cardiac

What muscle types are innervated by non-myelinated axons?

cardiac, smooth

Describe the nuclei of cardiac muscle cells

single central nucleus

What are diads?

T tubule interacts with only 1 sarcoplasmic reticulum cistern, in cardiac muscle

What are purkinje fibers?

specialized cardiomyocytes for rapid signal delivery throughout heart

What are intercalated discs?

join branches of cardiac muscle cells with desmosomes and gap junctions

What are desmosomes?

prevent myocytes from pulling apart at intercalated discs

Why are smooth muscle cells not striated?

must generate force under huge changes in length, like bladder losing several liters of fluid

What is gray matter?

non-myelinated, cell bodies

What is white matter?

myelinated axons

What are ganglia?

cell bodies in PNS

What are nuclei?

cell bodies in CNS

Where are multipolar neurons found?

interneurons in CNS, integrating sensory and motor

Where are bipolar neurons found?

specialized sensory organs like retina of eye

Where are pseudounipolar neurons found?

sensory neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

What are the connective tissue coverings for nerves?

endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium