history of Art: week 6 (self made)

what does hieroglyph translate to in Greek?

Sacred carving

When are Hieroglyphs Dated?

3,100 BC to 394 BC

When did we start to understand the hieroglyphs?

When the Rosetta Stone was found and Deciphered. Found in 1799 and deciphered in 1822

What is a cartouche?

An oval frame around the name of an important figure

What is a papyrus?

Paper like substance for manuscripts

Where in Egypt did papyrus plant grow?

It grew along the Nile in shallow marshes and pools

How is papyrus created?

The rind is peeled away and the inner pith Of the stem is cut into strips and it is pressed or hammered, and then polished

What is the book of the dead?

It was an illustrated manuscript, written in first person, narrative by the deceased and placed in the tune to help them overcome the dangers of the underworld

What was believed to happen when the soul left the body at death In ancient Egypt?

It was believed to appear in the hall of truth to stand before of Osiris for judgement

What happened to the heart in the afterlife?

The heart of the deceased was weighed on a golden scale against the white feather of Ma’at

What happened if the heart was heavier than the feather at the weighing of the heart?

It was dropped under the floor, where it was eaten by the monster Ammut And the soul would remain in a state of agony (hell)

When do historians date the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt?

1570 to 1070 BC

Who is Hatshepsut?

She was the royal wife of Thutmose II And when he died, she took his place because her stepson was too young to rule.

What happened to all the statues of Hatshepsut?

After her death, her stepson demolished all the images of her to emphasize his own rule.

When did Hatshepsut rule?

18th dynasty - 1473 to 1458 BC

Where is Hatshepsut’s mortuary Temple?

Located at Dier el-Bahri

What is Hatshepsut’s Mortuary temple made of?

Sandstone and rock

Who was Hatshepsut’s chief architect? He also made her mortuary temple

Senenmut

What was the purpose of Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple?

It served two purposes, one to worship the pharaoh’s patron deity during his/her lifetime to to worship the pharaoh after his/her death as a gods

What was the Amarna period?

1349 to 1336 BC

Which pharaoh embraced a monotheistic religion worshipping the Aten (The Sun disk)?

Pharaoh Akhenaten

What was Ahkenaten’s name before and why did he change it?

Amenhotep IV because he wished to worship the god Aten

What did Ahkenaten do with the capital city of Egypt?

He moved it from Thebes to Ahketaten (A desert site known as Amarna)

What is the name of this?

Ahkenaten Colossal statue

What does the crook and flail refer to In his hands in the picture?

Attributes of Osiris and Egyptian royalty

What do Egyptologists Speculate about Ahkenaten In regards to his health?

They speculate that he suffered from a degenerative illness based on images of him from ancient Egypt

Who is the man that found Tutankhamun’s tomb?

Howard Carter

Who is the last woman to rule in the Ptolemaic dynasty?

Cleopatra

An oval frame around the name of an important Egyptian figure

Cartouche