PC21 General Flying

Trainee Go-Around Criteria (For Guidance)

1. Instructed by ATC / QFI

2. Runway not clear or not cleared to land/T&G by 200’ AGL

3. Finals checks not completed or APP path too steep or shallow by 200’ AGL

4. IAS stabilised below threshold speed on base or final

5. A dangerous balloon or bounce occurs, or touchdown with less than 4000’ runway remaining is predicated

6. Greater than 45 AoB on base is required

7. An S Turn is required to capture finals (outside gable markers, or rwy edge lights at night)

8. Not satisfied with the approach

9. Not aligned with the runway by 350 AGL (day) / 400 AGL (night)

10. A traffic confliction exists, or once landing sequence has been given, the pilot is unable to identify or loses visual contact with preceding traffic

11. For GLIDE approaches: Go-around must be commenced if the glidepath is short of the threshold when approaching the first stage flare

AoA Circuit (Application & Technique)

Application:

• Flown to minimise speed of aircraft over the threshold, or when airspeed indications are unreliable or unavailable

• Caution lower margin from Stall → Don’t fly in gusty conditions

• STD Circuit until base

Technique:

Normal CCT to Base then:

• Roll: 30 AoB (slightly less once slower)

• Power: 20%

• Point: Higher nose ATT due to higher AoA, AoA scale caret → moving towards onspeed indication

• Flaps: LDG

AoA expected speed range 100-105 KIAS

Low Level Circuit (Differences and Base Technique)

Differences:

• 400 ft AGL - reduce PWR to 25% quickly on upwind. (If altitude is missed then caution bunting the nose with gear or flaps in transition due to negative G, correct altitude after)

• Downwind spacing picture: beyond wing tip to fuel cap distance

• “Low Base” R/T

Technique:

Normal CCT work cycle to Base (including B4 landing checks with ~38% set) then:

• Roll: 30 AoB, LEVEL CDM

• Power: As required for 120 KIAS

• Trim ….. Level

• Lookouts:

  • Intercepting 3^o glidepath:

    • Point: Set Aimpoint (3°)

    • Power: decrease IOT decel to 110 KIAS

    • Flaps: LDG

    • Trim

  • Centerline: “Roll Out → Power Out”

Normal finals work cycle (Aimpoint-Aspect-Airpseed)

Glide Circuit (Application and Base Technique)

Application:

• Practice landings without power from LK (2500’ AGL)

• Wind adjusted BTP: 0-15 Knts - Trailing Edge passing threshold, 15-25 Knts - Trailing Edge Passing 1000FT markers, 25knts+ - Visually abeam threshold

• Need to touchdown or have full power applied by 4000’ markers (ESL) or end of 1500’ markers (WSL) for practice glides

• Avoid using HUD as it won’t be available real case without power

Technique:

Upwind: 160 KIAS climb + “Upwind Glide” R/T, level off with 25% TQ

Downwind: 2500’ AGL, Spacing thru Kangaroo, B4 Landing Cx → decel to 130 (to 135, >38% as required, i.e. configured/drag) KIAS, EARLY “High Base” R/T

At Low Key (abeam threshold)

• ATT first + IDLE for 130 KIAS

• Lookout

• Then at wind adjusted BTP indicator:

  • Roll: 35° AoB

  • W/C: ATT (5ND PFD) - IAS (130KIAS) - TRIM

  • Lookouts

    • Asses/Adjust ground track (corner cut)

    • Overshoot → Land Flaps → 10° ND / 125 KIAS ATT **Aim for 130 still esp. with gust factor**

Finals: AIMPOINT (ATT 10ND PFD) - ASPECT (Centerline) - IAS (125-130 KIAS)

First stage flare: Ground rush ~150’ AGL, to Half-Half ATT

Second stage flare: as per normal

Flapless (Circuit)

Normal CCT to B4 Landing Cx:

• B4 Landing Checks → No flaps selection, decel to 130 KIAS (~35% as required, less drag)

• Simultaneously:

  • Roll: 35 AoB

  • Power: 20%

  • Point: 1 ND PFD (5ND CDM, but can be more erratic/cage in flapless turn)

  • CX PWR / CX TRIM

  • ATT (1 ND PFD) - IAS (130 KIAS) - Trim

  • Lookouts: Halfway Round/Down, 5→3 Transition + PWR, Centerline

• Finals: “Roll Out → Power Out”

  • Aimpoint: (Lower in HUD due to no flaps)

  • Aspect: 3^o

  • Airspeed: Reducing to 120 KIAS

  • Finals Cx

  • Near End - Far End - Minimal Flare (due to higher nose ATT)

Flapless → Straight-In Approach

PFL - From Area & HK→LK