ARCH 2351: Technology Exam 1

shallow foundations (definition)

• lightweight projects

• floating on ground

• house/apartments

deep foundations

• heavy projects

• sink into the ground

shallow foundations (diagram: retaining wall)

• black: concrete slab, concrete column, concrete footing

• blue: vapor barrier & waterproofing

• pink: rigid insulation

• green: drainage map & pipe

• brown: backfill, ground, excavation

• red: shear key & rebar in slab

• purple: compressive filler

• yellow: sand

• orange: gravel

slab on grade (diagram)

• black: concrete slab with rebar (red)

• yellow: sand (2” - 4”)

• blue: vapor barrier (prevents gas from entering interior)

• orange: gravel (4” - 6”)

• brown: ground

wall section (diagram)

• yellow: gypsum wall board (1/2”)

• gray: wood stud (1 1/2”)

• black: concrete (8”)

• blue: waterproofing

• pink: rigid insulation

• green: drainage mat

• brown: backfill

shallow foundations (types)

• pad footing

• strip foundation

• raft

• point loaded

• slab on grade

pad footing

distributing force over a larger area (column)

strip foundation

under walls

raft foundation

thicken edges below columns

point loaded

slab on grade

foundation is below or at frost line

deep foundations (types)

• bell caisson

• socketed caisson

• bearing piles

• friction piles

caissons

bell: triangle sitting top of bedrock

socketed: drilled into the bedrock

piles

pile cap: thicken concrete

bearing: multiple stabilizers resting on bedrock

friction: multiple stabilizers not hitting the bedrock (held by friction of earth)

wall system (types)

• open joint wall system (drained walls/rainscreens)

• closed joint wall system (barrier walls/face sealed)

• mass wall system

open joint wall system

• rainscreen & drained wall

• lets water & air flow

• continuous water flow in & dry

• waterproof membrane (UV/self healing)

closed joint wall system

• barrier wall & face sealed

• completely sealed

• minimal or none water/airflow

mass wall system

• pure mass

• layered

• water/air can’t go through because material is too thick

wall system (diagram)

• purple: joint system (open = panels & closed = stucco)

• blue: waterproofing

• yellow: sheathing

• pink: insulation

• brown: wood framing (6” stud)

• green: gypsum wall board

open joint wall system (diagram)

full concrete structure

• brown: ground & backfill

• purple: concrete panel

• pink: rigid insulation

• blue: waterproofing

• black: concrete column & concrete slab

• concrete is porous = needs waterproofing

• concrete heats up = needs insulation

intermediate floor

green: corrugated steel

blue: waterproofing

yellow: sheathing

pink: insulation & thermal bridging

purple: interior finish & carpet

orange: decking

black: joist

wood frame construction

• purple: sole/sill plate

• orange: decking/subfloor

• black: joist

• yellow: rim joist

• brown: double top plate

• pink: insulation

nominal & actual dimensions

• 2×2 = 1 1/2” x 1 1/2”

• 2×4 = 3 1/2” x 1 1/2”

• 2×6 = 5 1/2” x 1 1/2”

• 2×8 = 7 1/4” x 1 1/2”

• 2×10 = 9 1/4” x 1 1/2” (typical floor joists)

• 2×12 = 11 1/4” x 1 1/2”