Gene expression and Lac Operon (DONE) week11

EXAM #3

Why must Each of your 220 cell types produce a uniques set of proteins and specialized RNA molecules?

its what gives each cell its specific structure, function and identity

Does the regulation of gene expression enable each human cell type to make a unique set of proteins and specialized RNA molecules?

Yes, allows human cells to express unique combinations of genes by producing its own set of proteins and sRNA molecules

Why do cells adjust gene expression in response to changing environmental conditions?

adapt, survive, and function efficiently in different situations

Which types of genes in your white blood cells would be expressed in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection?

immune related-genes

Are the multiple genes in a operon on the bacterial chromosome regulated as a single unit or is each gene regulated independently?

single unit

What are some benefits or organizing related genes in an operon?

energy and resource efficiency, simplified regulation, balanced production of pathway enzymes

Is the Lac Operon Expressed when lactose are in the bacterium?

Yes, when lactose is present and glucose is absent allowing a switch to lactose metabolism.

Is the Lac Operon Expressed when No lactose are in the bacterium?

No, when lactose is absent the repressors prevent unnecessary transcription

Is the Lac Operon Expressed or Repressed when the Lac l Repressor protein binds the to operator?

Repressed, lactose is absent

Is the Lac Operon Expressed or Repressed when the Lac l repressors protein detaches from the operator?

Expressed, allows bacterium to produce enzymes for lactose metabolism

Is the Lac Operon Expressed or Repressed when the RNA polymerase enzyme cannot bind the the promoter?

Repressed, if it cannot bind then lactose-metabolizing enzymes are not made

How will Lac Operon Expression be affected when a mutation prevents the Lac l repressor protein from binding to lactose?

will stay repressed regardless of lactose presence making it a non-inducible lac operon

How will Lac Operon expression be affected when a mutation prevents the Lac l repressor protein from binding to the operator?

Always expressed, wasting energy when lactose is absent making it a constitutive lac operon

How will Lac Operon expression be affected when a mutation prevents the Lac l repressor protein from releasing from the operator?

Permanently repressed, bacterium cannot metablolize lactose even when it is avaiable making it a non-inducible lac operon

The ability of each human cell type to produce the unique set of proteins required to perform its bodily function is due to specific pattern of-

gene expression

Your white blood cell recognized a flu-virus. This cell will activate the genes that codes for proteins that eliminate-

Flu viruses

The ability of the cell to activate a gene in response to a recognized signal is-

gene expression

The cell will deactivate (Repress)  a gene that codes for a protein when it - 

has an adequate concentration of the protein

The cell will activate (turn-on) a gene that codes for a protein when it -

needs a higher concentration of the protein

A group of gene involved in the same metabolic process are clustered together on the bacterial chromosome. This cluster of related gene is A(n)-

Operon

Which gene of the Lac Operon code for the permease protein that imports lactose?

Lac Y

Which gene of the Lac Operon codes for the bera-galactosidase enzyme that converts lactose to glucose & galactose?

Lac Z

Which carbohydrate induces Lac Operon Expression?

Lactose

The Lac Operon will be repressed when the bacterium lacks which carbohydrate-

Lactose

When there are lactose molecules in E.Coli, they will bind to the Lac I repressors protein. Consequently, The Lac I repressors will -

Detach from the operator

Which two types of molecules interact to form the 46 chromatin molecules in the nucleus of you cells?

DNA and Histone proteins

Which structure is basic building blocks, or basic unit, of the chromatin molecule?

Nucleosome

A gene is transcribed at a relatively High rate. This gene must be located within which part of the chromatin molecule?

loosely-packed, open regoin

The epigenetic changes in gene expression that occur in the nucleus of you cells are due to-

Changes in chromatin structure

Diet & Exercise Affect chromatin structure, and consequently, change gene expression in your cells, this influences you health & risk of medical conditions.

True