Chem test 2

Ideal gas (formula)

PV = nRT

concentration (formula)

amount of solute/volume of soluton

Molarity (equation)

moles of solute/vol of solution (L)

the 2 ways to prepare a solution

dissolution of the solute and dilution of existing solution

dissolving/dissolution

particles dispersed in solution

disassociation

dissolution where the ions are dispersed throughout the solution

ionic compound (definition)

a metal cation bonded with a nonmetal anion, which may or may not be polyatomic

molecular compound (definition)

atoms held together in a molecule by covalent bonds. no ions involved, so no disassociation. Instead, molecules separate from each other and disperse.

Acid (definition)

held together by covalent bonds. No ions, but H+ always ionizes.

how does a strong acid act in a solution?

completely ionizes

Strong Acids (name all 6)

Hydrobromic Acid (HBr), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), Hydroiodic acid (HI), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Perchloric Acid (HClO4), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Strong bases (name group and 3 compounds)

Group 1 hydroxides, Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)

dilution equation

M1V1 = M2V2

Precipitation reaction (definition)

soluble ions ionize to produce an insoluble precipitate and soluble spectator ions

Neutralization reaction (definition)

an acid and a base react in a solution and produce

products of acid ionization in a solution

H+ and H3O+

What do bases make in water?

Bases ionize in water and produce OH-

Titration (explain)

An acid/base (titrant) is slowly added, by burette, to an analyte base/acid so as to facilitate a neutralization reaction. An indicator fluid is added to the analyte to signal when the moles of the titrant are equal to the moles of the analyte. This is the equivalence point, and it is the end of the reaction.

Acid-Base titration problem:

use MV = moles

Dissolution equation

(M1)(V1) = (M2)(V2)?

1 atm is equal to

760 torr, 760 mmHg

Ideal gas

A category of behavior. When a gas exhibits linear relationships between P, V, n, T it is considered an ideal gas.

(STP) Standard Temperature and Pressure

P = 1 atm at T = 0 C/273K

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT. To be used when ¾ variables are known, able to be surmised, or remain constant. Solve for variable of interest. Can be set up as an equation with initial variables on the left and final variables on the right to find missing values.

R

a conversion factor for ((atm L) / (moles * Kelvin)). Equal to 0.0821.

Combined Gas Law

(Pi*Vi)/Ti = (Pf*Vf)/Tf

equation for density of a gas

d = (P*Mw)/(R*T)

Mw = molar mass

Partial pressure equation

PA = XA - PT

PA = partial pressure

XA = mole fraction

PT = total pressure

Association between gas mass and molecular speed?

Heavier gas = slower molecular speed

Graham’s Law of effusion

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Strong bases

Group 1 hydroxides, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2