human Geo Unit 3 vocab

contagious diffusion

spread of ideas moving through space without regard for hierarchy (virus)

hierarchical Diffusion

ideas flow from important people

stimulus diffusion

specific trait is rejected but underlying idea is accepted

relocation diffusion

group with ideas migrate and bring ideas to new places

cultural trait

aspect of a given culture or society

centripetal

model that attempts to understand why cities are located where they are

centrifugal force

force that threatens the cohesion of a society, neighborhood, or country

cultural landscape

built things that cultural groups create and associate with their values/assign meaning

acculturation

when ethnic/immigrant group adopt ways of host society to be able to socially/economically thrive

assimilation

ethnic/immigrant group blends with host culture and loses culturally distinctive traits

multiculturalism

policies that promote active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, policies, and institutions

local culture

opposite of popular culture, rural/ethnically homogeneous that’s connected to local land

popular culture

opposite of local culture, heterogeneous culture that’s more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new tech

hearth

center where inventions/practices develop and where they spread from

gender

ways which society defines differences between males and females

ethnicity

people of common ancestry and cultural tradition

race

defined by physical characteristics of a group, like skin color or eye shape

placenessness

feeling resulted from standardization of built environment, local distinctiveness is erased

ethocentricism

approach to understanding other cultures and evaluates them from perspective of observer culture

culture relativism

approach to understanding other cultures that seems to understand individuals and cultures from wider perspective of cultural logic

caste system

division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank/privilege, profession, race

indigenous culture

local culture that isn’t dominant ethnic group within traditional homeland

sequent occupance

fact that many places have been controlled or affected by variety of groups over time

diaspora

involuntary mass dispersion of populations from hearth/home territory

creole

combined language that has fuller vocab than pidgin language, becomes native language

pidgin

trade language, very small vocab derived from 2+ language groups in contact

lingua franca

language of communication and commerce spoken across wide area where its not mother tongue

cultural divergence

distinct cultures become more and more different

cultural convergence

distinct cultures become more and more alike

indigenous language

local language that isn’t dominant language within homeland

dialect

regional variation of a language that’s understood by people who speak other variant of that language

Slavic language

Indo-European language subfamily largely spoken in Eastern Europe (Russian, Polish, Ukrainian)

romance language

Indo-European language subfamily of languages spoken in Southern Europe (Italy, Spanish, French)

Germanic Language

Indo-European subfamily of languages spoken in Northern/Western Europe (Dutch, German, English)

language family

group of related languages that share a common ancestry (Indo-European, Sino-Tietban, Afrosiastic)

official language

legally recognized language

standard language

language where spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocab is uniform though not devoid of regional difference

toponym

names given to place

ethnic religion

religion identified with a particular ethnic/tribal group and doesn’t seek converts (Judaism, Hinduism, Vodun/Voodoo)

universalizing religion

religion that seeks new members and believes its message has a universal truth (Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Bahai Faith)

syncretism

religions that combine elements of 2+ belief system

secularism

process whereby religion becomes less dominant force in everyday life

sacred space/site

natural/human-made sites that possess religious meaning

taboo

prohibition imposed by social custom/protective measure

pilgrimage

journey of religious follower to shrine or sacred place