Acid-Base Balance Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to acid-base balance, including definitions, physiological processes, and clinical implications.

What is the normal pH range for the human body?

7.35 - 7.45

What are the three main components of the body's defense system in acid-base balance?

Cellular buffers, lungs, and kidneys.

What happens when blood pH falls below 7.35?

It indicates acidosis.

What are common causes of respiratory acidosis?

COPD, pneumonia, drug overdose.

How do lungs help maintain acid-base balance?

By controlling the levels of CO2 through breathing adjustments.

What are the four types of acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis.

What does the ROME method stand for in ABG interpretation?

Respiratory = Opposite; Metabolic = Equal.

What condition is indicated by a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 56 mmHg, and HCO3 of 25 mEq/L?

Respiratory acidosis.

What is the role of kidneys in acid-base balance?

To make permanent changes by controlling bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

What common symptoms are observed in metabolic acidosis?

Confusion, lethargy, rapid breathing.