Endocrine System Medical Conditions

Cushing’s Disease Cause

Adrenal cortex produces excessive cortisol, could be due to tumor in pituitary gland increasing ACTH or tumor in adrenal gland

Cushing’s Disease Symptoms (MFMB)

Muscle weakness, fatigue, mood swings, and easy bruising

Cushing’s Disease Exam Signs (H WFBT HES)

Hypertension, increased body weight with fat deposits in the face (moon face), upper back (buffalo hump), and the trunk, hirsutism, edema, and skin discoloration

Cushing’s Disease Diagnosis

Test cortisol in the blood, determine cause, tumors may need surgical resection

Cushing’s Disease Complication

Osteoporosis

Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic disease with abnormal glucose metabolism

Diabetes Mellitus Cause

Hyposecretion of insulin or cells fails to respond to insulin

Subtypes of Diabetes Mellitus

IDDM and NIDDM

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Patients no longer produce insulin

Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Patients produce insulin, but the cells throughout the body do not respond to it

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Body uses fat as main source of fuel instead of carbs

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Complications

Elevated blood glucose levels for extended periods may cause tissue damage

Diabetes Mellitus Complications

May develop hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia Complications

Can lead to shock if not addressed promptly; can cause tissue damage after years of poor glucose control

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Insulin injections

Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Medications to increase cell sensitivity to insulin

Hyperthyroidism

Condition of excessive thyroid hormone secretion

Hyperthyroidism Causes (GT3)

Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, and benign or malignant tumors

Graves’ Disease

Autoimmune disease where antibodies stimulate the thyroid to produce too much T4

Toxic Multinodular Goiter

enlargement of the thyroid that then produces too much thyroid hormone

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms (HNISPWDE ^BMR)

Hyperactivity, nervousness, irritability, sweating, palpitations, weight loss, diarrhea, and easy fatigue due to increased basal metabolic rate

Hyperthyroidism Treatment (MRS)

medications, radioiodine treatment (to destroy thyroid tissue), or surgical removal of part of the thyroid (partial thyroidectomy) to reduce the amount of thyroid hormone

Hypothyroidism

Deficiency of thyroid hormone

Hypothyroidism Causes (H,T,R,T,M)

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, treatments for hyperthyroidism, radiation treatments, thyroid surgery, and certain medications

Hypothyroidism Symptoms (TWDCHWDvBMR)

Tired, weak, dry skin, feeling cold, hair loss, weight gain, and dyspnea due to decreased basal metabolic rate

Hypothyroidism Treatment

Supplementation with synthetic thyroid hormone