Sample Collection, Packaging, & Shipment

define Diagnostic sampling

refers to obtaining samples of body fluids or tissues for the purpose of analysis.

The following is a list of information that should be placed on all tubes or sample containers immediately after sampling. (4)

1. Patient Identification

2. Date of collection

3. time of collection

4. Specimen especially if tissue sample

what are the different types of cytology (8)

1. Ear cytology

2. Mites

3. Microbes

4. Vaginal cytology

5. FNA

6. Impression smear

7. Swabs

8. Lavage

different types of urine samples (3)

1. Voided sample

2. Urinary catheterization

3. cystocentesis

when should you collect a free catch sample (not talking about test purposes)

midstream

Voided urine is not — and therefore is not suitable for … testing.

sterile, culture and sensitivity

what are the types of sampling for voided urine sampling (4)

1. free catch

2. litter box

3. tabletop

4. bladder expression

when can’t you do a bladder expression (3ish)

if there is an

1. obstruction

2. stones

3. crystals

risk of bladder expression (2)

1. Urine reflux

2. Bladder rupture

how many samples should be collected in urinary catheterization

2

what equipment is needed in urinary catheterization (9)

1. Tranquilizer

2. Antimicrobial soap

3. Water

4. Stallion catheter for males

5. cathetar

6. 60-mL syringe

7. Sterile gloves

8. Sterile lubricating jelly

9. Sterile collection container

what are the different types of hair sampling (1)

plucking

what are the different types of tissue sampling (8)

1. Cytology

2. biopsy

3. Histopathology

4. Microbiology

5. toxins

6. Tape preparation

7. Fecal samples

8. Skin Scraping

what are the different types of biopsy sampling (3)

1. Punch biopsy

2. Wedge biopsy

3. Excision biopsy

biopsies require —

formalin

toxin testing requires …

a suspected toxin

Equipment box for venous blood sampling (5)

1. Alcohol

2. 20-gauge X 1½-inch needle

3. Vacutainer needle

4. Syringe

5. Vacutainer

Sites for venous blood sampling include (5)

1. the jugular vein

2. cephalic vein

3. lateral thoracic vein

4. saphenous vein

5. coccygeal vein.

Sites for arterial blood sampling include (2)

1. the transverse facial artery

2. the dorsal metatarsal artery

what does the coggins test test for

equine infectious anemia

what does EIA stand for

quine infectious anemia

The form for the coggins test will require the following information (15)

1. Reasons for testing

2. Date of the blood draw

3. Veterinary accreditation

4. Name of the owner

5. address of the owner

6. Name of the veterinarian

7. address of the veterinarian

8. Signatures of the owner

9. signature of the veterinarian

10. Identification of blood tube

11. Any markings on the horse

12. Horse’s name

13. Horse’s breed

14. Horse’s sex

15. Horse’s date of birth

Equipment for blood gas sample (7)

1. Alcohol

2. 25-ga needle

3. 3-mL syringe

4. Rubber stopper

5. Heparin

6. Ice

7. Thermometer

Blood gas analysis is used most often in assessing patients with (2)

1. respiratory disease

2. monitoring patients under general anesthesia.

The analysis determines the … of the blood sample (3)

1. oxygen content

2. carbon dioxide content

3. pH of the blood

Equipment for fecal collection: (3)

1. Collection container

2. Glove

3. Sleeve

Equipment for abdominocentesis: (15)

1. Clippers

2. Surgical scrub and alcohol

3. Sterile gloves

4. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)

5. Serum (plain) blood tubes/red-top tube

6. Adult: 18- or 19-ga X 1½-inch needle

7. Obese adult: 20-ga X 3-inch spinal needle

8. Foal: 20-ga X 1-inch needle

9. Blunt trocar or cannula for severely bloated patients

10. No. 15 scalpel blade

11. Local anesthetic: syringe/25-ga X 5/8-inch needle

12. Sterile 4 X 4 gauze

13. Clean cloth or towel

14. Skin suture or staple (may be placed)

15. Antibiotic ointment

Equipment needed for parenteral injections (5)

1. Alcohol

2. 4 X 4 gauze

3. Syringe

4. Needle

5. Injection material

The gluteal muscles should be avoided in … (what kind of horse, general job wise)

performance horses

what are the 3 layers of packaging

1. primary

2. secondary

3. tertiary

the primary layer in packaging traits are (6)

1. Test tubes

2. Screw cap containers

3. Swabs

4. Leak proof

5. Seal lids with parafilm

6. LABEL!!

the secondary layer in packaging traits are (6)

1. Heavy duty ziploc bag

2. heavy duty lab bag

3. heavy duty plastic container

4. Large enough for required primary container/s

5. Lab req will be part of this layer

6. Absorbent Material

the secondary layer aka

the barrier

in the secondary layer there should be enough absorbant material to

to soak up the ENTIRE VOLUME of liquids in

in the secondary layer the absorbant material also happens to — the sample

cushion

the tertiary layer in packaging traits are (1)

Sturdy box

the tertiary layer in packaging is aka

the outside box

what should be on the outermost box of packaging (3)

1. Recipient address

2. return address

3. Biohazard risk notes

what are common mistakes when packaging and shipping (6)

1. Incorrect sample

2. Improper labels

3. NO labels

4. Submission/Req Form errors

5. Glass containers broken

6. Incorrect primary container

what Special Considerations should be made when shipping and packaging (4)

1. Temp outside

2. when can you ship

3. when the lab is open

4. weather outside

what are the 3 vaginal cell types

1. Parabasal cells

2. Intermediate cells

3. Superficial cells

define Parabasal cells (2)

1. They are round with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio.

2. They have a greater stain uptake and appear darker than the larger vaginal epithelial cell types

define Intermediate cells (2)

1. Small intermediate cells retain a round to oval shape with a large nucleus

2. large intermediate cells begin to develop an irregular shape with more abundant cytoplasm.

define Superficial cells (2)

1. They are thin and have sharp, angular borders and dark, condensed, pyknotic nuclei (cornification).

2. Superficial cells without a nucleus are referred to as anuclear superficial cells.

how to do a bladder expression (2)

1. palpate the bladder in your hand by allowing it to slide through your hand

2. secure bladder in your hand and, with gentle, even pressure, squeeze the bladder

never express a bladder that feels … as it may rupture with pressure

overly extended/hard

how to put in a urinary catheter (6)

1. Measure length of catheter by placing catheter tip cranial to the flank and curving it down and around the tip of the peins to trace the path of the urethra

2. Gently pinch to make desired length of catheter to be inserted

3. clean penis

4. make a feeding sleeve for catheter

5. lubricate tip of catheter with gel and gently feed the catheter into the urethral opening until you reach the measured distance or when you start to see urine

6. attach syringe and collect urine, discard first syringe of urine and use the second for testing