Cell Organelles and Membrane Transport

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering cell organelles, prokaryotic and eukaryotic components, membrane structures, and types of cellular transport.

Four Structures in Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA.

Nucleus

Controls the cell and stores DNA.

Ribosomes

Organelles that make proteins.

Myochondria

Organelle that produces ATP.

Cell Membrane

Structure that maintains homeostasis by controlling what exits and enters the cell.

Cytoplasm

Jelly like structure in the cell.

Cell Wall

Structure that provides support and protection; found in plant cells and prokaryotic cells.

Chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis.

Vacuole

Organelle that stores water and materials.

Glysosomes

Organelles that digest old organelles.

Rough ER

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum that makes proteins.

Smooth ER

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum that makes lipids.

Golgi

Organelle that modifies and shifts proteins.

Cytoskeleton

Structure that gives shape to the cell.

Centrosome

Organelle that creates structure for cell division.

Plant-Specific Organelles

Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

Centrioles

Organelles only found in animal cells.

Phospholipids

Components that form the membrane barrier.

Membrane Proteins

Membrane components that help substances cross the membrane.

Carbohydrates (Carbs)

Membrane molecules that help cells recognize each other.

Cholesterol

Molecule that keeps the membrane stable and flexible.

Nonpolar Molecules

Molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide that can easily pass through the cell membrane.

Passive Transport

Transport that moves down the concentration gradient without energy; includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

Active Transport

Transport that moves up the concentration gradient and requires the use of energy; includes protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis.

Endocytosis

A form of active transport that brings materials into the cell.

Exocytosis

A form of active transport that moves materials out of the cell.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a selectively membrane.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with equal concentration where the cell stays the same inside.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with more solute outside that makes a cell lose water and shrink.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with less solute outside that makes a cell gain water and swell.